›› 2018, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (7): 860-870.doi: 10.16380/j.kcxb.2018.07.013

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

害虫取食和机械损伤对菜豆不同部位叶片防御酶活性的影响

岳文波, 郅军锐*, 刘利, 叶茂, 张向前, 曾广   

  1. (贵州大学昆虫研究所, 贵州省山地农业病虫害重点实验室, 贵阳 550025)
  • 出版日期:2018-07-20 发布日期:2018-07-20

Effects of pest insect feeding and mechanical damage on the defensive enzyme activities in leaves at different parts of kidney bean plants

YUE Wen-Bo, ZHI Jun-Rui*, LIU Li, YE Mao, ZHANG Xiang-Qian, ZENG Guang   

  1.  (Guizhou Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China)
  • Online:2018-07-20 Published:2018-07-20

摘要: 【目的】本研究旨在探究菜豆Phaseolus vulgaris植株对不同害虫危害的系统防御机制。【方法】分别以斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura、二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae、西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis取食或昆虫针穿刺处理菜豆中部叶片6, 24, 48, 72和96 h后,测定菜豆植株中部处理叶片以及上部和下部未处理叶片的过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的变化。【结果】不同害虫取食后,POD, CAT和SOD活性在受害的菜豆中部叶片发生了明显变化,但不同害虫造成酶活性的变化趋势不同。与未处理的对照植株中部叶片相比,POD活性均是先升高后恢复至对照水平。POD活性在二斑叶螨取食后,于24 h达到最大值,是对照的4.6倍;POD活性在机械损伤和西花蓟马取食后在48 h达到峰值,而斜纹夜蛾取食诱导下POD活性升高最缓慢,直到72 h才达到最大值。中部叶片的CAT活性在机械损伤和3种害虫取食后变化不同,机械损伤24 h后CAT活性明显升高,而3种害虫取食后CAT活性变化较早,在6 h就明显升高,但随时间的延长,CAT活性的变化趋势不同。中部叶片SOD活性在不同处理下变化较大,在机械损伤诱导下仅在96 h明显升高,而二斑叶螨取食24 h以后均明显升高;但斜纹夜蛾及西花蓟马取食后,SOD活性在72 h时受到明显的抑制。在菜豆植株的上部和下部未受害叶片中,3种害虫取食和机械损伤处理后,以上3种酶的活性也发生了明显变化,POD活性在上部未受害叶片不同处理96 h时被抑制,而在下部叶片不同处理下均被激发,但诱导程度不同。机械损伤、斜纹夜蛾、二斑叶螨和西花蓟马处理后,菜豆植株上部和下部未受害叶片CAT活性都分别在24, 6, 6和24 h被明显诱导。上部和下部未受害叶片SOD活性在机械损伤96 h,斜纹夜蛾和二斑叶螨取食72 h后,均被明显激发;但西花蓟马取食后,SOD活性在48 h和72 h明显被抑制。【结论】斜纹夜蛾、二斑叶螨和西花蓟马取食均能显著诱导菜豆植株受害叶和未受害叶防御酶活性的变化,即引起菜豆植株的系统防御反应,但3种害虫诱导的防御酶活性变化程度不同,表明植物防御反应的时空效应与害虫种类有关。

关键词: 斜纹夜蛾, 二斑叶螨, 西花蓟马, 防御反应, 时空效应, 酶活性

Abstract: 【Aim】 This study aims to explore the systematic defense mechanism of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plant against different insect pests. 【Methods】 Central leaves of each plant of P. vulgaris were fed by Spodoptera litura, Tetranychus urticae, Frankliniella occidentalis, or pricked manually with an insect needle for 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, respectively, while the upper and lower leaves of each plant were left untreated. The changes in the activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the upper, central and lower leaves were determined. 【Results】 In the central leaves fed by the three insect species, the activities of POD, CAT and SOD changed significantly, and their changing trends varied with insect species. Compared with the control, the POD activity in central leaves fed by the three insect species increased firstly and then decreased to the level of the control after insect infestation. The POD activity reached the maximum at 24 h after T. urticae infestation, which was 4.6 times as high as the control. However, the POD activity in the central leaves increased obviously and reached the peak at 48 h after both mechanical damage and F. occidentalis infestation. The POD activity in the central leaves ingested by S. litura displayed a slowly increasing trend, and reached the maximum at 72 h after infestation. The changing trends of the CAT activity were different among mechanical damage and feeding of the three insect species. Mechanical damage induced the CAT activity obviously at 24 h after treatment, while all three insect pests caused changes of the CAT activity at earlier time, which rose significantly at 6 h and then changed in different modes with feeding time. In the central leaves, the SOD activity increased significantly only at 96 h after mechanical damage, while T. urticae infestation obviously induced the SOD activity after 24 h. Moreover, the SOD activities were significantly inhibited at 72 h in the leaves fed by S. litura or F. occidentalis. In the undamaged upper and lower leaves, the activities of POD, CAT and SOD also changed significantly after insect infestation or mechanical damage. The POD activities in undamaged upper leaves were inhibited at 96 h. However, the POD activities in lower leaves were induced to different levels. In both upper and lower undamaged leaves, the CAT activities were activated obviously at 24, 6, 6, and 24 h after mechanical damage, the infestation of S. litura, T. urticae and F. occidentalis, respectively. Mechanical damage, and S. litura and T. urticae infestation resulted in prominent increase in the SOD activity in undamaged upper and lower leaves at 96, 72 and 72 h, but F. occidentalis infestation led to the SOD activity being inhibited obviously at 48 and 72 h. 【Conclusion】 Infestation of S. litura, T. urticae and F. occidentalis can induce the activities of defensive enzymes (POD, CAT and SOD) significantly in both damaged central leaves and undamaged upper and lower leaves, which leads to systematic defensive reactions in bean plant, but the changing trends of the enzyme activities vary among treatments. These results indicate that the temporal and spatial effects of the defense are related to the species of insect pests.

Key words: Spodoptera litura, Tetranychus urticae, Frankliniella occidentalis, defensive reaction, temporal and spatial effect, enzyme activity