昆虫学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 64 ›› Issue (6): 694-702.doi: 10.16380/j.kcxb.2021.06.005

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

施钾对苜蓿上牛角花齿蓟马产卵选择、生长发育、 成虫寿命和繁殖力的影响

李亚姝1,2, 温雅洁1,2, 周生英1,2, 赵晓东1,2, 胡桂馨1,2,*   

  1.  (1. 甘肃农业大学草业学院, 兰州 730070; 2. 草业生态系统教育部重点实验室, 中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心, 兰州 730070)
  • 出版日期:2021-06-20 发布日期:2021-06-15

Effects of potassium application on the oviposition selection, growth and development, adult longevity and fecundity of Odontothrips loti (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on alfalfa

 LI Ya-Shu1,2, WEN Ya-Jie1,2, ZHOU Sheng-Ying1,2, ZHAO Xiao-Dong1,2, HU Gui-Xin1,2,*   

  1.  (1. Paracultural College of Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; 2. Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Sino-U.S. Centers for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou 730070, China)
  • Online:2021-06-20 Published:2021-06-15

摘要:

【目的】为了探讨施钾对苜蓿上牛角花齿蓟马Odontothrips loti的产卵选择、生长发育、成虫寿命和繁殖力的影响,明确施钾苜蓿叶片营养物含量与牛角花齿蓟马生命参数的关系。【方法】在不同钾量(40, 60, 80和100 mg/kg)处理下(以不施钾作为对照),观察记录牛角花齿蓟马在紫花苜蓿品种甘农3号Medicago sativa cv. Gannong No. 3叶片上的产卵量,幼期各龄期发育历期和存活率以及二代成虫的寿命和繁殖力,同时测定不同施钾量下苜蓿叶片的可溶性糖、游离氨基酸及钾含量。【结果】随着施钾量的增加,牛角花齿蓟马在苜蓿叶片上的产卵量(粒/复叶)先降低后升高,在60 mg/kg钾处理降幅最大,较对照降低了45.58%;卵孵化率和1-2龄若虫的存活率变化不显著,但3-4龄若虫的存活率和幼期总存活率显著下降,分别在100 mg/kg 和80 mg/kg钾处理下降幅最大,较对照分别下降了54.36%和48.48%。不同施钾量下苜蓿叶片上牛角花齿蓟马卵和1-2龄若虫发育历期无显著变化,3-4龄若虫及幼期总发育历期均延长;牛角花齿蓟马二代成虫的繁殖力均显著下降,成虫寿命显著缩短(40 mg/kg钾处理除外)。施钾后,苜蓿叶片可溶性糖含量、钾含量和糖氮比增大,游离氨基酸含量减少。相关关系分析表明,苜蓿叶片钾含量与牛角花齿蓟马幼期总存活率和成虫繁殖力无显著相关性,而苜蓿叶片可溶性糖含量和糖氮比均与3-4龄若虫存活率和繁殖力极显著负相关,与幼期总存活率呈显著负相关。【结论】施钾苜蓿对牛角花齿蓟马成虫产卵产生显著的排趋性;施钾提高了苜蓿叶片的可溶性糖含量及糖氮比,不利于若虫的生长发育,并使成虫寿命缩短、繁殖力下降,对牛角花齿蓟马产生了显著的抗生作用。

关键词: 牛角花齿蓟马, 钾, 苜蓿, 产卵选择, 生长发育, 成虫寿命, 繁殖力

Abstract: 【Aim】 To explore the effects of potassium application on the oviposition selection, growth and development, adult longevity and fecundity of Odontothrips loti on alfalfa, and to illustrate the relationship between the nutrient content in alfalfa leaves applied with potassium and the life parameters of O. loti. 【Methods】 The number of eggs, duration and survival rates of various immature developmental stages, and the longevity and fecundity of the second generation adults of O. loti fed with leaves of Medicago sativa cv. Gannong No. 3 applied with different amounts of potassium (40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/kg) (without potassium application as the control) were investigated. Meanwhile the soluble sugar, free amino acid and potassium contents in alfalfa leaves were measured. 【Results】 The number of eggs laid by O. loti eggs in per compound leaf of alfalfa decreased first and then increased with increasing amount of potassium application, and was the lowest at 60 mg/kg potassium treatment, 45.58% lower than the control. The egg hatching rate and the survival rate of the 1st-2nd instar nymphs on alfalfa leaves applied with potassium did not change significantly, but the survival rate of the 3rd-4th instar nymphs and the total immature survival rate of O. loti went down significantly, with the largest decrease at 100 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg potassium treatment, which decreased by 54.36% and 48.48% compared with the control, respectively. There was no significant change in the egg and the 1st-2nd instar nymphal duration of O. loti on alfalfa leaves applied with different amounts of potassium, while the 3rd-4th instar nymphal duration and the total immature developmental duration were prolonged. The fecundity of the second generation adults of O. loti on alfalfa leaves applied with different amounts of potassium was reduced significantly, and the adult longevity was shortened significantly than the control (except 40 mg/kg potassium treatment). After potassium application, both the soluble sugar and potassium contents in alfalfa leaves increased, the free amino acid content decreased, and the sugar to nitrogen ratio increased. The correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between the potassium content in alfalfa leaves and the total immature survival rate and the fecundity of O. loti adults, while the soluble sugar content and the sugar to nitrogen ratio were extremely negatively correlated with the survival rate of the 3rd-4th instar nymphs and the fecundity of adults and significantly negatively correlated with the total immature survival rate of O. loti. 【Conclusion】 Potassium-applied alfalfa has significant antixenosis to the oviposition of O. loti adults. The application of potassium increases the soluble sugar content and the sugar to nitrogen ratio in alfalfa leaves, exerting significant antibiosis to O. loti by affecting the growth and development of nymphs, shortening adult longevity and reducing the fecundity of adults.

Key words: Odontothrips loti, potassium, alfalfa, oviposition selection, growth and development, adult longevity, fecundity