昆虫学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 64 ›› Issue (6): 703-710.doi: 10.16380/j.kcxb.2021.06.006

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

云杉花墨天牛成虫在红松上的补充营养特性

吴昊1,#, 时勇2,#, 刘佩旋1,2, 范立淳2, 王珏2, 贾婧怡2, 王伟韬2, 姜生伟1, 郑雅楠2,*   

  1. (1. 辽宁省林业和草原有害生物防治检疫工作站/辽宁省危险性林业有害生物防控重点实验室, 沈阳 110001; 2. 沈阳农业大学林学院, 沈阳 110866)
  • 出版日期:2021-06-20 发布日期:2021-06-15

Supplementary nutrition of Monochamus saltuarius (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) adults on Pinus koraiensis

WU Hao1,#, SHI Yong2,#, LIU Pei-Xuan1,2, FAN Li-Chun2, WANG Jue2, JIA Jing-Yi2, WANG Wei-Tao2, JIANG Sheng-Wei1, ZHENG Ya-Nan2,*   

  1.  (1. Station of Forest and Grassland Pest Control and Quarantine/Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Dangerous Forest Pest Management and Control, Shenyang 110001, China; 2. College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China)
  • Online:2021-06-20 Published:2021-06-15

摘要:

【目的】云杉花墨天牛Monochamus saltuarius为我国中温带地区松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus病的主要媒介昆虫,近年来在辽宁省危害十分严重。本研究对云杉花墨天牛在红松Pinus koraiensis上补充营养特性进行观察和分析,以期为明确该天牛的生物学特性,评估其在林间的虫口密度和危害程度以及确定其携带松材线虫的传播规律提供理论基础。【方法】将初羽化的云杉花墨天牛雌、雄成虫成对放入装有红松木段和松枝的透明玻璃缸内,在温度23±3℃、相对湿度55%±5%、光周期16L∶8D的条件下连续观察云杉花墨天牛在红松上的主要取食部位,在不同部位的取食量,取食红松时的成虫寿命、平均取食频率和单次取食的平均时间,在红松侧枝上的取食量随发育时间的变化规律以及取食频率占比的昼夜节律,直至其自然死亡。【结果】云杉花墨天牛成虫主要取食红松针叶,其次是嫩枝和嫩芽,取食量占总取食量的比例分别为77.11%,21.46%和143%。云杉花墨天牛成虫取食红松侧枝后的平均寿命为16.63±6.63 d,其中雌成虫的平均寿命为17.11±5.91 d,雄成虫的平均寿命为16.14±6.77 d。云杉花墨天牛自羽化后第4天起开始取食红松,且随发育时间的变化取食量呈先上升后下降的趋势,其中第16天取食量最大,为526.48 mm2。在一天24 h内,云杉花墨天牛成虫每个小时均有取食行为,且雌、雄成虫的取食频率占比均呈现反复升降的状态。【结论】云杉花墨天牛成虫在室内利用红松饲养,其补充营养的起始时间为羽化后第4天,取食量和取食日节律无明显的规律,该天牛成虫在林间补充营养的特性有待进一步研究。

关键词: 云杉花墨天牛, 红松, 补充营养, 生物学特性, 寿命, 取食行为

Abstract:  【Aim】As the main vector insect of pine wilt disease by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in the middle and temperate zone of China, Monochamus saltuarius has caused very serious destruction to pine trees in Liaoning, Northeast China in recent years. In this study the supplementary nutrition of M. saltuarius on Pinus koraiensis was boserved and analyzed so as to provide a theoretical basis to determine the biological characteristics of M. saltuarius, to evaluate its population density and damage degree in the forest, and to determine its transmission law of pine wood nematode. 【Methods】 The newly emerged male and female adults of M. saltuarius were placed in pairs in a transparent glass jar filled with segments and branches of P. koraiensis. Under the condition of temperature 23±3℃, relative humidity 55%±5%, and photoperiod 16L∶8D, the main parts of P. koraiensis fed by M. saltuarius adults, the feeding amount of M. saltuarius adults on different parts of P. koraiensis, the adult longevity, average feeding frequency, average time of each feeding and variation rule of feeding amount with developmental time, and the circadian rhythm of the proportion of feeding frequency of M. saltuarius adults on P. koraiensis branches were continuously observed until their natural death. 【Results】 M. saltuarius adults preferred to feed P. koraiensis needles, followed by branches and buds, with the proportion of the total feeding amount of 7711%, 21.46% and 1.43%, respectively. The average longevity of M. saltuarius adults on P. koraiensis branches was 16.63±6.63 d, being 17.11±5.91 d for females and 16.14±6.77 d for males. The feeding behavior of M. saltuarius adults on P. koraiensis occurred on the 4th day after emergence, and the daily feeding amount increased first and then decreased with the developmental time, and the highest feeding amount was on the 16th day, being 526.48 mm2. The feeding behavior of M. saltuarius adults occurred in every hour throughout the day, and the daily feeding frequency of male and female adults showed a state of increasing and decreasing repeatedly. 【Conclusion】 When M. saltuarius adults are reared indoors with P. koraiensis, their feeding starts on the 4th day after emergence, and there is no obvious regularity in the daily feeding amount and feeding rhythm. The feeding characteristics of adult M. saltuarius in the forest need to be further studied.

Key words: Monochamus saltuarius, Pinus koraiensis, supplementary nutrition, biological characteristics, longevity, feeding behavior