Abstract: Colonization of Reticulitermes chinensis Snyder was influenced by temperature,moisture, food, soil and room size was researched in laboratory as well as in the field. It was found that in a matrix at 20℃-28℃ ,50.5%-69.6% moisture content, new colonies were developed from paired adults. When the temperature was higher than 30℃and the RH lower than 38.2%,few colonies were built. Soldier termites fed most at 25℃. The moisture content of termite excreta in the nest and that of timber were 54.8% and 52.3% respectively. Among the seven kinds of timber tested for building new colonies,the fastest for colonization was Robinia pseudoacacia L., next came Cinnamomum camphora(L.) Presl, and Pinus massoniana Lamb. Soil and room size also had definite influence on colonization. Based on the above, the limiting factors of termites nest building wasclarified, the nest immigration and recolonization of termites depend on the environment factors, and the relerant control strategy was given.