Abstract: In Tacheng of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, winter and spring wheat fields at elevations from 500 m to 1 200 m were surveyed for the occurrence of the Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), and its natural enemies for 3 years. The aphid mainly distributed in spring wheat fields at 600～800 m above sea level and in winter wheat fields at 700～800 m. Their densities in winter wheat fields were significantly correlated to those in spring wheat fields at the same elevation (r=0.91, P<0.01). The second or third survey on spring wheat showed a larger increase in number of the aphid at higher elevations than lower ones. The natural enemies of RWA such as aphidiids, aphelinids, Leucopis annulipes mainly distributed in spring wheat at 500～600 m elevation and in winter wheat fields at 600～800 m above sea level. Their distribution areas and densities became wider and higher as the wheat grew.

Key words: Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko)), wheat, natural enemies, elevation, distribution