Abstract: Aquatic firefly Luciola substriata emits single species-specific flash signals for courtship. Under 23℃ and 86% RH, flying male adults emit flash signal with flash duration 0.52 s, interval 0.28 s, and flash intensity peak of 0.6 lx. The flash signal period of female adults is 0.67 s and the intensity peak is 0.4 lx. About 0.22 s after male advertising signal, female adults respond with two flash signals. The duration of the first response signal is 0.49 s and the second is 0.41 s. The interval of the two response signals is 0.11 s. When received the response flash signals, flying male adults land 5～10 cm near the female adults and continue to flash. At this time, the signal frequency of male adults become lower, with flash duration 1.23 s and the interval 0.5 s. Adults of L. substriata mate with copulatory position of “V" or “-" type. 

Key words: Luciola substriata, aquatic firefly, courtship behavior, bioluminescence, bioluminescent sexual communication