›› 2017, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (9): 1060-1073.doi: 10.16380/j.kcxb.2017.09.010

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

地形对贺兰山步甲群落物种多样性分布格局的影响

杨益春, 杨贵军*, 王杰   

  1. (宁夏大学生命科学学院, 银川 750021)
  • 出版日期:2017-09-20 发布日期:2017-09-20

Effects of topographic factors on the distribution pattern of carabid species diversity in the Helan Mountains, northwestern China  

YANG Yi-Chun, YANG Gui-Jun*, WANG Jie   

  1. (School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China)
  • Online:2017-09-20 Published:2017-09-20

摘要: 【目的】步甲是主要栖息于地表的种类最丰富的昆虫类群之一,它们对生境的变化更为敏感。分析地形因子对贺兰山步甲昆虫群落物种多样性分布格局的影响, 以期揭示步甲昆虫物种多样性分布格局形成和稳定的机制。【方法】2015年7-8月选取贺兰山山地针叶林、山地疏林、山地灌丛、山地草原和浅山荒漠5种生境98个样地,用杯诱法对步甲群落物种组成和多样性进行调查,并采用典范对应分析(CCA)分析物种多样性指数和物种分布与地形因子之间的关系,运用广义可加模型(GAM)拟合不同生境步甲群落多样性指数对海拔梯度的响应曲线,探讨贺兰山步甲群落物种多样性的垂直分布格局。【结果】共采集步甲昆虫21属65种10 989头,其中,直角通缘步甲Pterostichus gebleri和径婪步甲Harpalus salinus为优势种,其个体数量分别占总捕获个体数的44.93%和11.33%。山地疏林生境步甲物种丰富度最高,山地针叶林的步甲Shannon-Wiener多样性指数最高,浅山荒漠的步甲均匀度最高。海拔、坡向、坡度、剖面曲率和地形湿度指数的综合作用对步甲物种多样性分布格局有显著影响。其中,海拔对5种生境的步甲分布影响均显著,且解释力度最高;坡向对山地针叶林和浅山荒漠步甲分布影响显著。步甲总体丰富度和个体数量与海拔呈不对称的单峰曲线关系,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数随海拔呈先递增后保持稳定的变化,均匀度指数与海拔呈“V”型变化趋势。【结论】贺兰山山地步甲物种多样性的分布格局受海拔为主的多种地形因子综合作用的影响。  

关键词: 步甲, 物种多样性, 分布格局, 地形, 山地, 贺兰山

Abstract: 【Aim】 Carabid beetles are one of the most abundant groups which inhabit soil surface, and they are more sensitive to the change of habitats. The objective of this study is to reveal the mechanisms of formation and stabilization of carabid species biodiversity by analyzing the effects of topographic factors on the distribution pattern of carabid species diversity in the Helan Mountains, northwestern China. 【Methods】 The community structure and species diversity of carabid beetles were investigated from July to August 2015 using pitfall traps in the Helan Mountains. Carabid beetles were caught from 98 sampling plots of five vegetation habitats along the elevation gradient, i.e., mountain needle-leaf forest, mountain broadleaf forest mountain shrub, mountain grassland and piedmont desert grassland. Based on a survey of the 98 sampling plots in the study area, canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was performed to analyze the relationships between diversity indices and topographic factors, and generalized additive model (GAM) was employed to model the response curves of diversity indices to elevation. 【Results】 A total of 10 989 carabid beetles belonging to 65 species and 21 genera were collected. Of these beetles, Pterostichus gebleri and Harpalus salinus were the dominant species in the area, accounting for 44.93% and 11.33% of the total number of individuals, respectively. Among the habitats, the carabid beetle community in mountain broadleaf forest had the highest species richness while that in mountain needleleaf forest had the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index. The evenness in piedmont desert grassland was the highest, while its diversity and species richness were the lowest. It was observed that elevation, slope aspect, slope grade, topographic wetness index and profile curvature had significantly integrative effects on the distribution patterns of carabid species diversity. Elevation had significant effects on the distribution patterns of total carabid communities in all the five vegetation habitats, and slope aspect only affected the distribution patterns of mountain needle-leaf forest and piedmont desert grassland significantly. Species richness and the number of individuals had a unimodal pattern with elevation, Shannon-Wiener diversity index increased at first and then remained stable, while the evenness index had a V-shape trend. 【Conclusion】 The distribution patterns of carabid beetles in the Helan Mountains are formed by the synthetic action of a variety of topographic factors, among which elevation plays an important role.

Key words: Carabid beetles, species diversity, distribution pattern, topography, mountainous region, Helan Mountains