昆虫学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (4): 489-505.doi: 10.16380/j.kcxb.2019.04.011

• 综 述 • 上一篇    下一篇

昆虫免疫致敏研究进展

张鹤, 黄舒宁, 蒲宇辰, 石章红, 侯有明*   

  1.  (福建农林大学, 闽台作物有害生物生态防控国家重点实验室/福建省昆虫生态重点实验室, 福州 350002)
  • 出版日期:2019-04-20 发布日期:2019-04-08

Advances in insect immune priming

ZHANG He, HUANG Shu-Ning, PU Yu-Chen, SHI Zhang-Hong, HOU You-Ming*   

  1. (State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology in Fujian, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China)
  • Online:2019-04-20 Published:2019-04-08

摘要: 通常认为昆虫缺少获得性免疫(acquired immunity)且完全依赖天然免疫系统(innate immune defense system)来应对病原微生物的感染。然而越来越多的研究表明,昆虫等无脊椎动物早期的病原菌感染经历能够增强后期遭遇病原感染时的免疫力,这种现象称为免疫致敏(immune priming)。类似于脊椎动物的获得性免疫,一些昆虫在致敏后可以展现出极大程度的特异性和记忆性,致敏保护效应甚至可以达到种或菌株水平的特异性,并且可以跨代传递。昆虫在体内缺乏获得性免疫分子元件的基础上,仍然可以实现免疫的记忆性和特异性,说明昆虫的天然免疫系统存在独特的机制来调控该过程。本文综述了昆虫免疫致敏和跨代传递的研究进展,探讨了昆虫免疫致敏发生的特定条件及影响因素,并对昆虫免疫致敏和跨代传递的潜在调控机理进行了阐述。此外,免疫致敏本身可能是耗能的过程,本文也从致敏可塑的角度探讨了致敏反应的适应性代价。最后,对昆虫免疫致敏未来的研究方向以及在害虫防治中的应用前景进行了展望。

关键词: 昆虫, 免疫, 免疫致敏, 跨代传递, 免疫记忆, 致敏特异性, 适应性代价

Abstract: Generally, insects lack acquired immunity and only rely on their innate immune defense system to deal with the infection of pathogenic microbes. However, an increasing number of studies show that early pathogenic infection experiences of invertebrates including insects can enhance the immunity to later pathogenic infection, and this phenomenon is called “immune priming”. Like the acquired immunity of vertebrates, some insects show a great degree of specificity and ability of memory after priming. This kind of improved protection can be species/strain-specific, and can be passed on to the next generation. Even though insects lack acquired immune molecular components, they can still achieve the memory and specificity of immunity, suggesting that there is a unique mechanism regulating this process in the innate immune system of insects. In this article we mainly illustrated the progress of studies on immune priming and trans-generational transmission, and discussed the specific conditions and influencing factors of insect immune priming as well. Furthermore, we also mentioned the potential regulatory mechanism of insect immune priming and trans-generational transmission. Besides, considering that the immune priming itself could be an energy-consuming process, we also argued the cost of immune priming from the aspect of priming plasticity. Finally, we brought forward the prospects of research directions of insect immune priming and its potential application in pest control in the future.

Key words: Insect, immunity, immune priming, trans-generational transmission, immune memory, priming specificity, fitness cost