不同硫苷和芥酸含量的六种油菜品种上桃蚜的寄主选择行为和扩繁

doi:10.16380/j.kcxb.2025.10.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】油菜Brassica napus是我国重要的油料作物之一，在我国很多省份均有较大的播种面积。硫苷是十字花科特殊的次生代谢物。本研究旨在明确不同硫苷和芥酸含量的油菜种子是否影响油菜叶片上害虫的寄主定位和扩繁。【方法】采用叶碟法、笼罩法和Y型嗅觉仪试验评价了桃蚜Myzus persicae无翅成蚜对6个油菜品种［高芥酸高硫苷品种中油821(对照)及低芥酸低硫苷品种（双低品种）(中双11号、西农18、矮秆油558、矮油酷999、绵新油78）］的寄主选择偏向，并通过盆栽试验观测在不同油菜品种植株上桃蚜总个体数的变化。【结果】在笼罩选择试验中， 6个油菜品种植株上的桃蚜成蚜数量和新产若蚜数量未出现显著差异。在叶碟选择试验中，更多的桃蚜成蚜选择西农18［(25.50±2.21)头］和中双11号［(24.70±1.57)头］叶片取食，高于其他4组的桃蚜成蚜数量［中油821(20.90±3.56)头，矮秆油558(14.80±1.78)头，绵新油78(16.60±2.43)头和矮油酷999(19.50±1.12)头］。在Y型嗅觉仪试验中，桃蚜成蚜对6个油菜品种未表现出显著的选择偏好。盆栽扩繁试验中， 6个油菜品种植株上接10头桃蚜无翅成蚜，桃蚜总个体数在第7和14天都无显著差异，但在第21天， 5个双低油菜品种植株上的桃蚜总个体数［中双11号：(244.50±15.39)头；西农18：(235.67±50.60)头；矮秆油558：(163.60±28.67)头；矮油酷999：(237.40±16.57)头；绵新油78：(237.20±12.35)头］均高于对照组［中油821：(156.00±35.12)头］，仅有中双11号植株上的桃蚜总个体数显著高于对照组。【结论】双低油菜籽粒能在后续苗期影响桃蚜的繁殖，但是对其寄主定位行为的影响相对较小。

关键词: 桃蚜, 油菜品种, 寄主选择性, 定殖, Y型嗅觉仪

Abstract: 【Aim】 Brassica napus is one of the most important oilseed crops, and the average planting area is relative large in many provinces in China. Glucosinolate is the specific secondary metabolite in Brassicaceae plants. This study aims to ascertain whether the B. napus seeds with different glucosinolate and erucic acid contents affect the host location and propagation of pests on B. napus leaves. 【Methods】 Leaf-disc bioassay, cage experiment, and Y-tube olfactory test were used to analyze the host selection preference of Myzus persicae on six B. napus cultivars ［the high erucic acid-high glucosinolate cultivar ZY821 (control), and the low erucic acid-low glucosinolate cultivars (double-low cultivars) including ZS11, XN18, AGY558, AYK999 and MXY78］, and potted plant test was used to observe and determine the changes in individual number of M. presicae on plants of different B. napus cultivars. 【Results】There were no significant differences in the numbers of M. persicae adults and newborn nymphs on the six B. napus cultivars in cage experiment. In leaf-disc choice bioassay, more M. persicae adults fed on leaves of XN18 ［(25.50±2.21) individuals］ and ZS11 ［(24.70±1.57) individuals］, which were higher than the numbers of M. persicae adults on ZY821, AGY558, MXY78 and AYK999 leaves［(20.90±3.56), (14.80±1.78), (16.60±2.43) and (19.50±1.12) individuals, respectively］. In Y-tube olfactory test, M. persicae adults did not show host selection preference for six B. napus cultivars. In potted plant test, there was no significant difference in the total individual number of M. persicae after ten adults were released on plants of six B. napus cultivars on the 7th and 14th day. On the 21st day, the total individual numbers of M. persicae on plants of five double-low B. napus cultivars ZS11, XN18, AGY558, AYK999 and MXY78 (244.50±15.39, 235.67±50.60, 163.60±28.67, 237.40±16.57 and 237.20±12.35), respectively］ were higher than that in the control group［ZY821: (156.00±35.12)］, but the total individual number of M. persicae on ZS11 plants was significantly higher than that on ZY821 plants. 【Conclusion】 Double-low B. napus cultivars can affect the population dynamics of M. persicae at the seedling stage, but they have relatively limited effects on the host location behavior of M. persicae.

Key words: Myzus persicae; Brassica napus cultivar, host selectivity, colonization, Y-tube olfactometer

李林奎, 熊振宏, 廖佳丽, 邓淋, 吴宇, 曾令姣, 张梦妮, 沙马舞嘉, 田密. 不同硫苷和芥酸含量的六种油菜品种上桃蚜的寄主选择行为和扩繁[J]. 昆虫学报, 2025, 68(10): 1416-1425.

LI Lin-Kui, XIONG Zhen-Hong, LIAO Jia-Li, DENG Lin, WU Yu, ZENG Ling-Jiao, ZHANG Meng-Ni, SHAMA Wu-Jia, TIAN Mi. Host selection behaviors and propagation of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera：Aphididae) on six Brassica napus cultivars with different glucosinolate and erucic acid contents[J]. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 2025, 68(10): 1416-1425.

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不同硫苷和芥酸含量的六种油菜品种上桃蚜的寄主选择行为和扩繁

Host selection behaviors and propagation of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera：Aphididae) on six Brassica napus cultivars with different glucosinolate and erucic acid contents

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