›› 2018, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (9): 1114-1120.doi: 10.16380/j.kcxb.2018.09.013

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河北行唐地区玉米害虫灰地种蝇的鉴定及其对玉米种子和幼苗的为害

张海剑1, 宋健1, 马红霞1, 石洁1, 胡清玉1, 王振营2,*   

  1. (1. 河北省农林科学院植物保护研究所, 河北省农业有害生物综合防治工程技术研究中心,  农业部华北北部作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室, 河北保定071000; 2. 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所, 植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,北京 100103)
  • 出版日期:2018-09-20 发布日期:2018-09-20

Identification of Delia platura (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) and its damage to corn seeds and seedlings in Xingtang, Hebei, northern China

ZHANG Hai-Jian1, SONG Jian1, MA Hong-Xia1, SHI Jie1, HU Qing-Yu1, WANG Zhen-Ying2,*   

  1. (1. IPM Centre of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of IPM on Crops in Northern Region of North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Protection Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China; 2. State Key Laboratory for the Biology of the Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China)
  • Online:2018-09-20 Published:2018-09-20

摘要: 【目的】为了明确在河北省行唐县新发现的一种为害春玉米种子和幼苗根蛆的分类地位、为害特点及不同种植模式下对玉米种子和幼苗的为害情况。【方法】以从河北行唐采集的虫源进行室内饲养后,对该虫各虫态进行了形态描述,利用形态学和分子生物学方法进行了种类鉴定;采用随机抽样调查了该害虫对河北行唐不同种植模式(施腐熟有机肥的玉米单作田、施未腐熟有机肥的玉米单作田、施腐熟有机肥的白菜玉米轮作田和施未腐熟有机肥的白菜-玉米轮作田)下春玉米的为害情况。【结果】待鉴定根蛆经室内饲养后各虫态的形态特征与已报道的灰地种蝇Delia platura的形态特征基本一致,COⅠ基因和Cytb基因分别与GenBank的灰地种蝇COⅠ基因和Cytb基因核苷酸序列一致性均为99%,从而确定其为灰地种蝇幼虫。田间调查结果表明,玉米种子被灰地种蝇幼虫为害后不能萌发,幼苗被害后萎蔫枯死;在施未腐熟有机肥的白菜-玉米轮作田中为害严重,种子和幼苗总被害率高达39.33%,被害玉米苗单株最高虫量为8头。【结论】首次报道了灰地种蝇在中国为害玉米,该虫可为害玉米种子和幼苗根系,在施用未腐熟动物粪肥的白菜玉米轮作田具有较高的危害风险。

关键词: 灰地种蝇, 玉米, 害虫, 为害, 形态, 分子鉴定, 防治技术

Abstract: 【Aim】 The aim of this study is to ascertain the taxonomic status, occurrence and damage characteristics of the maggot newly found in Xingtang County, Hebei Province, northern China, which has caused severe injury to corn seeds and seedlings. 【Methods】 The maggots collected from damaged corn field in Xingtang, Hebei, were reared in the laboratory. The morphological characteristics of different developmental stages were described. The maggot was identified by both morphological and molecular methods. The damage of this maggot to corn seeds and seedlings in the spring corn fields with different planting patterns in Xingtang, Hebei, including the corn monoculture field applied with decomposed organic fertilizer, the corn monoculture field applied with non-decomposed organic fertilizer, the corn-Chinese cabbage rotation field applied with decomposed organic fertilizer and the corn-Chinese cabbage rotation field applied with non-decomposed organic fertilizer, were investigated by random sampling survey method. 【Results】 The morphological characteristics of different developmental stages of the unknown root maggot collected in fields and then reared in laboratory were basically identical to that of the reported Delia platura. The COI and Cytb gene sequences of the root maggot show 99% nucleotide sequence identity with those of D. platura, respectively. Therefore, the root maggot which injured the corn seeds and seedlings was identified to be D. platura both by morphological and molecular methods. Field survey results showed that D. platura caused more serious damage in the corn-Chinese cabbage rotation field applied with non-decomposed organic fertilizer than in other fields. Injured corn seeds could not germinate and injured young seedlings wilted and died. The total percentage of both corn seeds and seedlings injured by seedcorn maggots was 39.33%, and the maximum larval number per plant was eight. 【Conclusion】 It is the first report on D. platura infesting corn seeds and young seedlings in China. The damage risk by D. platura is very high for the corn-Chinese cabbage rotation field applied with non-decomposed organic fertilizer.

Key words: Delia platura, corn, insect pest, damage, morphology, molecular identification, prevention technology