Abstract: -【Aim】 To sequence and analyze the complete mitochondrial genomes of Atractomorpha lata and Aularches miliaris, and to explore the phylogenetic relationships of Acridoidea at the mitochondrial genome level, especially the phylogenetic relationships between Pyrgomorphidae and Chrotogonidae.【Methods】 The mitochondrial genome sequences of A. lata and A. miliaris were determined on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencing platform, and the mitochondrial genome structure, base composition, relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) of protein-coding genes (PCGs) and tRNA secondary structure were analyzed. A gene sequence dataset of 13 PCGs+2 rRNA genes was constructed by using the mitochondrial genomes of 34 species known to Acridoidea as ingroups and those of two Eumastacoidea species as outgroups. The phylogenetic relationships of Acridoidea were constructed by maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. 【Results】 The full-length mitochondrial genomes of A. lata and A. miliaris (GenBank accession numbers: OR544953 and OR253923, respectively) are 15 561 and 15 798 bp, respectively, both of which are closed circular molecules. The mitochondrial genomes of both A. lata and A. miliaris contain 37 genes (13 PCGs, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes) and one control region, and KD gene rearrangement exists (trnK-trnD rearranges to form trnD-trnK). The A+T content of the mitochondrial genomes of A. lata and A. miliaris are 74.4% and 75.8%, respectively, showing obvious AT content bias. The gene arrangement, base composition, amino acid composition and RSCU of the mitochondrial genomes of A. lata and A. miliaris are similar to those of other species of Pyrgomorphidae and Chrotogonidae. All tRNA genes show the typical clover-leaf secondary structure except for the absence of DHU arm of trnS^AGN. The phylogenetic trees constructed by ML and BI methods had the same topological structure. Pamphagidae, Catantopidae, Oedipodidae, Arcypteridae, Gomphoceridae and Acrididae were clustered together, and the monophyly of Pamphagidae, Oedipodidae and Gomphoceridae was supported. The species of Pyrgomorphidae and Chrotogonidae clustered together in a clade and formed sister groups with other species of Acridoidea. The monophyly of Atractomorphinae of Pyrgomorphidae was supported, while the monophyly of Chrotogonidae was not supported due to the addition of Pyrgomorphidae species. 【Conclusion】 In this study, the mitochondrial genomes of A. lata and A. miliaris were determined and analyzed for the first time. At the mitochondrial genome level, the phylogenetic trees of Acridoidea were constructed, and the results indicated that the monophyly of Pyrgomorphida, Pamphagidae, Oedipodidae and Gomphoceridae was supported. Pyrgomorphidae and Chrotogonidae were closely related, forming a clade with species nested within each other, supporting the merging of Pyrgomorphidae and Chrotogonidae of the Chinese taxonomic system into one family.

Key words:  Mitochondrial genome, phylogeny, Acridoidea, Pyrgomorphidae, Chrotogonidae