【Aim】 This study aims to improve the annotation of the genome of the Chinese oak silkworm, Antheraea pernyi, so as to expand its application to comparative genomics and breed improvement. 【Methods】 The full-length transcriptome of A. pernyi was sequenced and analyzed, and compared with the reference genome to identify novel genes and transcripts with functional annotation and to predict long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). The gene models in the genome of A. pernyi were modified by thousands of novel protein-coding transcripts and lncRNAs. Finally, the corrected and merged annotation of the genome of A. pernyi was created. 【Results】 A total of 1 997 novel protein-coding genes and 3 399 novel lncRNA genes were discovered and supported by 2 402 and 3 574 full-length transcripts, respectively. The genome of A. pernyi contains 25 021 genes, including 19 825 protein-coding genes, from which seven juvenile hormone acid O-methyltransferase genes were identified. 【Conclusion】 This study improves our knowledge of the known genes in the genome of A. pernyi and provides valuable resources for comparative and functional genomic studies in A. pernyi and its relatives.

【Aim】 The aim of this study is to isolate microsatellite markers from Tapinoma melanocephalum genome, and to identify polymorphisms of the microsatellite loci. 【Methods】 We developed microsatellite loci from the genomes of 11 geographic populations of T. melanocephalum from the mainland and islands of South China via 454 GS FLX pyrosequencing technology. We used 10 pairs of microsatellite primers selected from randomly designed 100 pairs of microsatellite primers to determine the polymorphisms of the 10 microsatellite loci and to analyze the population genetic diversity and population differentiation of four geographic populations including Dong′ao Island (DAD), Hebao Island (HBD), Meizhou (MZ) and Shanju (SJ) of T. melanocephalum. 【Results】 We successfully developed and isolated 10 pairs of microsatellite primers from the genomes of the 11 geographic populations of T. melanocephalum. In populations DAD, HBD, MZ and SJ, seven of ten microsatellite loci showed high polymorphism and the 10 loci were significantly departed from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The number of allele (A) per locus was 3.50-9.00, allele richness (A_R) per locus in each population ranged from 1.992 to 12.938. The A_R and expected heterozygosity (H_E) from island geographic populations (DAD and HBD) showed no significant difference from those from mainland geographic populations (MZ and SJ). All of the four geographic populations exhibited higher level of genetic divergence (F_ST=0.15969). HBD and MZ populations showed higher genetic divergence (F_ST=0.185) and lower gene flow than other paired geographic populations, suggesting that the gene flow of the two populations was restricted. In addition, the genetic variation derived from between individuals within geographic populations. 【Conclusion】 Newly screened microsatellite loci can offer an effective tool for researching on the colony structure and breeding structure of T. melanocephalum, so that its spread mechanism can be deeply understood.