Effects of the insecticides lmidacloprid and Dimehypo on the postsynaptic potential at the cercal-giant fiber synapses located with in the sixth adbominal ganglion of the American cockroach Periplaneta americana were studied by using extracellular electrophysiological recording method. An initial increase in thefrequency of spontaneous postsynaptic potentials and final complete block to the impulse propagation were observed after the application of Imidacloprid (1.73 ×10_-7mol/l) or Dimehypo (1.38×10^-5 mol/L). Blocking action caused by Imidaclopridwas quicker than by Dimehypo, and recovery is more difficult in the normal Ringer solution. It is supposed that the agonistic activity of Imidacloprid is stronger than that of Dimehypo. When a pre-application of Methamidophos (3.37×10^-5mol/L) was conducted, treatment with Dimehypo produced greatly increased spontaneouspostsynaptic firings and high frequency bursts of overshooting. By contrast, no visible changes were brought to the Imidacloprid treatment by Methamidophos pre-application. This study shows that there is some pharmacological difference between Imidacloprid and Dimehypo during their interactions with the postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors.

The enzymatic determinations in vitro were used to demonstratethe relationship between hydrolases activity and pathogenicity of Coelomomyces indi sa for the fourth instar larvae of Culex tritaeniorhynchus. The results showed that carboxylesterase, acetylcholinesterase and glutathione S-transferase activities of themosquito larvae infected with C. indies were lower than that of normal larvae. Especially, the glutathione S-transferase activity decreased more markedly. It is suggested that the decrease of hydrolases activity was attributed to the lesion and destruction of the cells by the fungus toxin, which might have influence upon the metabolism and detoxication of the endogenous and ectogenous substrates.

The protein components of the delta-endotoxin crystals from Bacillus thuringiensis HD-I (toxic to Lepidoptera), 3370-1 (nontoxic) and Tm13-14 (toxic to Lepidoptera, Diptera, and Coleoptera) were compared under the different lysated condition by SDS-PAGE. The results showed that Tm13-14 crystal contains two major peptides with MW 138 Kd, 132 Kd and a minor peptides of 65 Kd. The components of Tm13-14 crystal protein or its proteinase resistant peptides (PRPs) by gut juice of the three insect species tested are different from those of strain HD-1 and 3370-1. The toxic PRPs of Tm13-14, resulted from dissolving crystal by gut juice of three insect species, were purified by two steps, first by sephadex G-100 and thenby DEAE-52 chromatography. The results of bioassay and SDS-PAGE analysis suggested that the toxic PRPs to the larvae of Bornbyx mori were 68.5 and 59 Kd, to the larvae of Spodoptera litura were 71 Kd, 65 Kd and 59.6 Kd, to the larvae of Epilachna niponica were 69kD and 65 Kd. The LC50 values of intact crystal, the first purified toxic PRPs and 2nd purified toxic PRPs of Tm13-14 to the second instar larvae of E. niponica were 9.4, 4.1 and 3.2μg/ml respectively.

The quantitative changes of glycogen and trehalose in the flight muscle, fat body and midgut as well as the trehalose level in the hemolymph of the adult armyworm Mythimna separata (Walker) during the initial period of flight were determined by means of TLC and colorimetric method. After one hour of flight the consumption of glycogen from the fat body reached the highest, accounting for about 80%-90% of the total carbohydrate consumed, and that from the midgut was rated the next. The amount of carbohydrate consumed from the flight muscle is so limited that as a fuel, it can only support flight for three minutes. During the flightperiod, concomitant with the decrease of trehalose concentration in hemolymph, the trehalose level in the flight muscle increased initially, decreased five minutes later, and reached a steady state at 15 to 30 minutes. However, the concentrations of trehalose in fat body and midgut decreased within 5 minutes at the beginning of flight, and then increased and approached a more or less constant level after thirty minutes of flight. The rate of carbohydrate metabolism in the male flight muscle was higher than that in the female.

In the present paper the structure characteristics of the ecological geography of the tropical savannah locust area in Hainan are systematically analyzed. It seems rational to regard that this locust area as one of the two kinds of locust breeding area proposed by Uvarov (1936), I.e., the locust area induced by deforestation, The author named it as the tropical savannah locust breeding area", which has not previously been investigated in Ghina. Gomparison has been made with the river delta type of locust breeding area of the mainland in the cause of their formation and the characteristics of the ecological geography. Suggestions in ecological reform of this new type of locust breeding area are made to conform the prudential strategy for its elimination.

Since the description of Neopsylla hongyangensis Li, Bai & Chen,1986 from Haiyuan and Helan Mountain in Ningxia had been published, specimens that identified as N. bidentatitorrnis of Qinghai, Gansu and Shanxi were re-examined.We found that most of them were mis-identified. They are really N. hongyangensis instead of being N. bidentatiformis. While N. bidentatiformis is a flea of medical importance, the geographical distribution, host preference and the identification characters of N. hongyangensis are presented and discussed for comparison. 1. N. hongyangensis belongs to the bidentatiformis group of the genus Neopsylla and is near to N. bidentatiformis, but could be readily distinguished from the later in the male, by the presence of a single median ventral arm branched from thebase of the distal arm of the 9th sternite. In the female, the anal styler is longer, being 3.4-3.7 times as long as broad at the base, instead of 2.5-3.0 times; and with fewer bristles on the 7th sternite, e. g. 5-6 in the main row, 14-16 smaller ones anteriorly instead of 7-9 in the main row, and 27-30 smaller ones anteriorly. The median sclerotized portion of the aedeagal crochet being pointed basaly is triangular in N.hongyangensis instead of being broad basaly, the membraneous flaps which vary in shape anterior and posterior to the sclerotized median portion. 2. N. hongyangensis is Palaeoarctic with the altitute of 1 500-5 O00M, while N. bidentatiforrnis is below I 50OM. Above sea level. 3. N. hongyangensis has a Iow host-specificity, and Cricetulus longicaudata, C.Migratorius, C. triton are the main hosts. Others are:species of the genera Alpodemus, Rxitus, Niviventer, Mus, Marmota etc. 4. N. bidentatiformis is a potential vector of plague. While N. Hongyangensisis systematically near to it, and had been mixed up with N. bidentatiformis, it coued caue a new problem for the endemic diseaes research and control workers.

Sexual recognition and communication in the rice brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens depend on substrate vibration. Based on the strong taxis of male to female signal of the same species, an acoustic trap system comprised of a mechanical trap, a transducer and a trapping signal generator, was assembled for the laboratory experiments. The results showed that the acoustic trap was characterized by its species specification. The trapping percentage (TP) of the acoustic trap varied with the age of males tested; it reaches the maximum when the males were 4 to 5 days after emergence. With the experiment time lasting, the trapping effect was reducing. Furthermore, when the discontinous signal was used, TP was higherthan that when the continous signal was used. From 9:00 to 18:00, the number of the males trapped was 54.0%±10.8% of the 24h total; the highest number was around noon. Ambient temperature also affected TP. Between 26℃ and 28℃, the acoustic trap had the highest TP. But the weather outside such as sunny, cloudy and rainy day, did not influence TP in the laboratory distinctly. The acoustic trap hadgood effect on the trapping for both the macropterous and brachypterous males. It would improve the collection procedure for rice plaathoppers in the field and be applied for pest forecasting purpose.

In the mingming cicada Oncotympana maculaticollis Motsch, the sounding muscle consists of 193 primary myobandles on average, with the majority containing 7-10 muscle fibers. The sticking structures of top and bottom muscle fibers consist of a layer of adhesion pillar cells. Each muscle fiber contains about 1800 myofibrils, and in the majority of them the length, width and cross section area are about 0.77μm,0.68μm and 0.53μm2, respectively. Each myofibril contains about 200 thick filaments and the ratio of thin to thick filament is commonly 3:1. The sacromere length and Z-line width are about 3μm and 0.2μm respectively, and two triads are separately about 0.75μm distant from both ends of Z-line. The areacoefficients of myofibril, mitochondra and tracheole-sarcoplasmic reticulum are about 31.3%,46.0% and 11.9%, respectively. In the sarcomere, thick filaments run through two ends of the Z-line without l-band in the middle, and thin filaments stretch oppositely from two ends of Z-line to the middle and the gap is about 0.15-0.25μm. The M-line is absent. These structural characteristics not only enable the sounding muscle to make enough use of limited spaces and to produce maximal tensions, but also to adapt contraction movements of high speed.

The ultrastructure and function of male accessory glands of theblack cutworm Agrotis ypsilon (Rottemberg) were studied with light and electron microscopies and biochemical analysis. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The male accessory gland was a pair of tubules each divided into a pink base, an orange middle part and an opalescent terminal part. The morphological differentiation of the gland was completed during early pupal stage, but it performed full secretory function on the fourth day after emergence. 2. The gland cells were of secretory type with high capacity for protein synthesis. There were a lot of rough endoplasmic reticule and free ribosomes and numerous secretory vesicles in the cytoplasm.3. Apocrine and merocrine types, are suggested as the major secretory activities of these gland cells. The granules formed by apocrine secretion are glycoprotein in nuture, but the reticulate secretion formed by merocre activity is not glycopro tein. 4. The gland's secretions are species specific in the three species of noctuids,Agrotis ypsilon, Mythimna separala and Helicoverpa arrnigera. High temperature (32℃) inhibited gland's capacity to secrete proteins.

The sex pheromone-producing gland of cotton bollworm Helicoverpaarmigera Hiibner is a modified intersegmental membrane as a complete ring of glandular epithelium between the eighth and ninth abdominal segments. The gland cell of 2-day old female moth is cuboidal and larger than the epidermal cell in unmodified intersegmental membrane. It is highly convoluted with a dense scattering microspines without pores on the surface. The cuticle has two layers:epicuticle and endocuticle. The epicuticle is dense and relatively uniform in thickness. The endocuticle varies in thickness and consists of 12-14 lamellae of helicoidally arrangedmicrofibrils on which there are pore canals formed by epicuticular filament. The apical surface of plasma membrane has well-organized microvilli. The basal plasma membrane is also folded. The cytoplasm contains rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complexes, lipid droplets, glycogen deposits, and mitochondria. The largeetlipsoidal nucleus is usually in subcentral position.

This article describes the larval morphology of Ceratophyllus chutsaensisLiu and Wu, 1962.

Having compared the pronotum, the male genitalia and the subgenital plate charateristics of the Tenodera species, the author gives a thorough review of the 7 species, I. E. T. attenuata, T. angustipennis, T. stotzneri. T. aridifolie, T. sinensis, T. brevicollis Beier, stat. Nov., T. caudafissilis, sp. Nov., which can be checked out from the key at the beginning of this paper. The types and other materials are deposited in Shanghai Institute of Entomology, Academia Sinica.

This paper reports two new species of grasshoppers from Gansu.Type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Shaanxi Normal University.

Two new species of grasshoppers belonging to Caryanda Stal,Sinstauchira Zheng, from Guangxi, China, are reported in this paper. The type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Biology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences (Nanning).

In this paper a new genus and a new species of grasshopper fromLiaoning Province are described. Type specimans are deposited in Biology Department,Northeast Normal University.

This paper deals with the Chinese Betacallis Matsumura, 1919,which includes 5 species, among them, Betacallis sichuanensis Zhang, G. X. et W.Y. Zhang and Betacallis betulisucta Zhang, G. X. et W. Y. Zhang are new to science. Betacallis quereiphaga Basu, Ghosh & Raychaudhuri, 1974 is first recorded from China. A key to the Chinese species is given. All the specimens including the types are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica. Abbreviations used in this paper as follows: u. r. s. stands for ultimate rostral segment; htlI stands for 2nd hind tarsal joint.

The present paper deals with the genus Macropodaphis Remaudi6re et Davatchi, 1958 from China. This genus is first recorded from China. Macropodaphis tubituberculata is new to science. The type specimens is deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica.

The present paper describes a new species of the genus Hishlmonus Ishihara, 1953, injurious to Zizyphus jujuba Miller in Hebei Province of China.The type specimens are deposited in the Anhui Agricultural College and Hebei Normal University.

In this paper, a new species of the genus Gyrohypnus Samoulle from Sichuan Province, China is described. Type specimens are deposited in the Department of Biology, Sichuan Teachers College.

This paper deals with three new species of Larentiinae, Geometridea from Mt. Qilian region, Qinghai and Gansu Province, China. All type specimens are kept in the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica.

This paper presents 6 parasitical species belonging to Pimlini ofPimplinae on Pissodes validrostris Sahlberg. Among them 1 new genus (Exestuberis and 1 new species (Exestuberis gracilis), 2 new species of Scambus (Scambus(Scambus) eurygenys and Scambus (Scambus) punctatus) are described. 2 species of Scambus, Scambus (Scambus) brevicornis Gray. And Scambus (Scarnbus) sudebicusGlow. Are recorded for the first time in this country and 1 species of Exeristes isknown (Exerister roborator (Fabricius)). All holotype specimens and a part of paratypes are depostied in the Institute ofZoology, Academia Sinica and other part of paratypes are deposited in the Department of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University.

In insect, vitellogenesis is a rather complicated process, which is affected by various external factors(eclosion, nutrition, mating, temperature etc.) and internal factors(EDNH, JH, ecdysone, OOSH etc.). According to the mode of hormone regulation of Vg synthesis, insects can be divided into three groups. In the first group, represented by Locusta migratoria, Rhodnius prolixus, Coccinella septempunctata and cockroaches, JH is the only known hormone regulating Vg gene expression. In the second group, mainly Diptera (Aedes aegypti, Musca domestica, and Drosophila melanogaster etc.), JH, ecdysone, EDNH and the midgut neurosecretory system are involved in the regulation of Vg synthesis. Ecdysone is the key hormonewhich regulates Vg synthesis in the fat body, and JH increases the competence of the fat body. In the third group, Lepidoptera, vitellogenesis is initiated either in pharate adults or in adults after eclosion, and both JH and ecdysone or either of the two hormones may be involved.