The larva of Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis was used as the experimental insect. Stable and relatively pure haemocyte population was obtained from density gradients of 53% percoll, and two main types of immunocytes, granulocytes (GR) and plasmatocyte (PL), were successfully isolated. It was found that a haemocyticlysate had cell adhesion activity after it was activated by the beta-l, 3-glucan laminarin, or by preparing the lysate in 5 mmol Ca ion. It could be detected that isolated PL attached and spread in vitro on coverslips coated with the lysate. The factor responsible for cell adhesion was isolated from an active haemocytic lysate and purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, carboxymethyl-cellulose ion-exchange chromalography and ConA-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. The cell adhesion factor had a molecular weight of about 64KD in apolyacrylamide gel concentration gradient electrophoresis. It was found that the purified cell adhesion factor was only present in GR. A protein having a molecular weight of about 390 KD was purified from plasma with the same methods. It is possibly a plasma coagulogen.

Two types of pheromone receptor cells have been identifiedby electrophysiological recording from single antennal sensilla trichodea of the male eri-silkworm moth Philosamia cynthia ricini. These cells responded best to the pheromone components E-4, E-6, Z-11-16- Al (AL-Receptor cell), which fire large spikes and E-4, E-6, Z-11-16- Ac (AC-cell), which fire small spikes. It was demonstrated that there were two types of olfactory receptor cell in one sensillum trichodeum by the selective adaptation.

Z5, E7-Dodecadien-ol, its acetate and propionate, the major sexpheromone components of the pine caterpillar moth, Dendrolimus punctatus Walker,were isomerized facilely on natural rubber dispensers. The high percentage of the Z,E-isomers in the original synthetic samples decreased quickly. After 15 days the E,E-isomers became dominant. The contents of E, Z-and Z, Z-isomers also increased to certain extent. It seemed that the natural rubber was not a good matrix as a dispenser for sex pheromone with conjugated double bonds. It was also demonstrated that a kind of silicone rubber had minimum effect on isomerization.

A new active peptide which can inhibit the grampositive bacteria strongly, is separated from the soluble components of royal jelly of honey bee (Apis mellifera ligustica) with gel filtration. The molecular weight of the peptide is about 2.3kD. This peptide is composed of 8 amino acids, in which glycine accounts for 33 per cent.

Ultrastructure of the indirect flight muscles of a migratory moth, Oriental armyworm Mythimna separata (Walker) was examined with electron microscope. In cross section, the polygonal, close-packed elliptical myofibrils each has a diameter of 0.8-1.0#m and consists of 500-700 myosin filaments. Thick and thin filaments form a hexagonal lattice with the thin filaments midway between the adjacent thickfilaments with ratio actin and myosin in 3:1. In longitudinal section, myofibrils exhibit regular, well aligned sarcomeres (sarcomere length about 2.2-2.6μm, A-band about 2.0 -2.3μm) divided by homogeneous and continuous Z lines. Mitochondria are intercalated between myofibrils and completely filled the interstices between them. There are usually 3 mitochondria and 2 T-tubes along each sarcomere. Mitochondriaand T-system are estimated to be about 40% and 7% respectively of the fiber'stotal volume. T-tubes situate at midway between Z lines and middle of each sarcomere and make contacts with sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) to form dyads and triads wherein. The SR is lesser in quantity as compared with the T-system and occupies only about 2.5% of the fiber's total volume. The characteristic feature of the SR is that there is a layer of SR cisternae transversely penetrating myofibril halfway between Z lines in every sarcomere. Ultrastructure of the flight muscle fiber of M.Separata moth is similar to those of fast acting insect muscle fiber in many aspects even though it may show some variations as the moth's age changes.

A composite and dynamic economic threshold (ET) model was established to manage the lepidopterous pest complex (Pieris rapae, Plutella xylostella, Spodoptera exigua, and Prodenia litura) of cabbage in Shanghai suburb. It included: (1)regressional equations of leaf fresh weight on cumulative degree-days, consideringcabbage variety and cabbage leaf type; (2) cabbageworm equivalency (ICE) of lepidopterous larvae, considering cabbage leaf types and larval age; (3) yield-loss sub-models, considering cabbage variety, cabbage developing stage, and cabbage leaf type. The economic yield loss levels are determined and applied as decision criteria in the determination of economic threshold in order to incorporate the effect of larval intraplant distribution. This ET model was evaluated in the field and allowed a 45% reduction in control cost with no yield difference.

Systematic sampling of Myzus persicae on crucifer vegetables (Brassica spp.)was carried out during 1990-1992 to study its spatial pattern on the crops. From the sampling data, values of each of four different dispersion (or aggregation) indices were calculated, and their correlations with mean densities were evaluated. The valueof K of negative binomial distribution was shown to be poorly correlated with densities, and thus it was chosen to describe the spatial pattern and its time series dynamics in the aphid population. The results revealed that the population was aggregated throughout the year on all crops examined. However, the intensity of aggregationchanged seasonally. Each year, there were two obvious peaks of dispersal, around May and November respectively; likewise, there were two aggregated peaks, the first one during June to July when aphids emigrated from the fields, and the second one during September to October when aphids immigrated into the fields. The change pattern of aggregation intensity throughout the growth of a crop differed between seasons. From spring to summer, the population changed from highly aggregated to loosely aggregated and then to highly ggregated again. From autumn to winter, the population changed gradually from highly aggregated to loosely aggregated, and from winter to spring, the intensity of aggregation seemed to fluctuate randomly. Factors which could be correlated to the spatial pattern and its dynamics in the aphid popula tion, especially the possible influence of temperature and plant nutrition, are discussed.

Eotetranychus populi (Koch) is an important mite pest of Salicaceae in North China. The principal biological characteristics and the effective accumulated temperature were studied. The results showed that the duration of development stage was negatively correlated with temperature ranging from 16 to 28℃. It was foundthat the developmental zero of egg was (8.77±0.83)℃ and the effective accumulated temperature of the egg stage was 100.0±5.96 day-degree. The developmental zero from larva to adults was 9.64±1.60℃ and the effective accumulated temperature from larva to adults was 113.3±13.88 day-degree. The developmental zero for whole generation was (8.67±0.92)℃ and the effective accumulated temperature of wholegeneration was 218.2±14.37 day-degree. In addition, process of laying eggs, egg number one female, the longevity and mating at different temperature were studied.

The geometrical projections of the wings of 71 species of selected mothswhich belong to 20 families in Heteroneura were made, and an orthogonal coordinate was established for each projection based on the longest diameter of projection and thevertical bisector of the diameter. Then three parameters (R_l, R₂, and R₃) were calculatedaccording to the wing areas in each quadrant (S_l, S₂, S₃ and S₄) as follows:R_l=(S₃-S₄)/(S_l+S₂)R=(S₃+S₄)/S₂, R₃=S₄/S₂. The hierarchical clusterings were conducted for 18 species of Pyralididae, 15species of Noctuidae, and all 71 tested species separately, based on the Euclidean distances or similarity coefficients of the three parameters (R_l, R₂ and R₃) of wing projection among species. The results showed that the migratory moths, Mythimna separata,Agrotis ypsilon and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, always clustered in one group in clustering for either the fore wing or the combination of fore and hind wings. It is suggested that the shapes of the wings in migratory moths have some commongeometrical characters different from other tested lepidopterans. These common characters seem to be: (1) The anterior margin of the fore wing is rather straight, and thecostal area is narrower, and (2) The outer area of the fore wing is wider. These two characters are suitable to long-distance migratory flight of the migratory moths by air current.

A new species of the genus Sinochlora Tinkham is described in the paper.The type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Shaanxi Normal University.

The present paper deals with two new species and one new record ofMiridae from China. The speciemens are kept in Department of Biology, Normal University of Inner Mongolia. All the measuments of this paper are in mm.

This paper reports three new species of the family Nirvanidae from China. The type specimens are deposited in Anhui Agricultural University.

In this paper four new species of Cochylidae are described. All the type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica.

The present paper deals with four new species of Aphidiidae fromYunnan. All the types are deposited in the Kunming Institute of Zoology,Academia Sinica.

The present paper presents description of two new species of the genusXanthopimpla Saussure, Collected from Yunnan and Hainan provinces in China. The type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica.

A new species is described in the present paper. Type specimen is deposited in General Station of Forest Pest Management, Ministry of Forestry, Shenyang.

This paper reports four new species of the family Eriophyidae from China. All measurements are in micro. Type specimens are deposited in Nanjing Agricultural University.

Recently, two families of insect neuropeptides, the allatostatin, andallatotropin, have been identified. All allatostatins and allatotropins identified so farare neurosecretory polypeptides. A 13-amino acid allatotropin has been identifiedfrom adult Manduca sexta. A group of five structurally related allatostatins has beenidentified from Diploptara punctata. They either inhibit (allatostatin) or stimulate(allatotropin) the production of JH by CA. In this paper recent advances in researchon insect neuropeptides AS and AT and their biological significance are reported.