In the Japanese oak silkworm, Antheraea yamamai, the titre's dynamics of vitellogenin(Vg) or vitellin(Vt) and total soluble proteins in the fat body, haemolymph and ovary from larval cocooning to moth emerging were assayed. Vg was synthesized in the fat body, and its synthesis started on the 4th day after cocooning. The Vg titer both in the fat body and haemolymph began to increase on the 4th day after cocooning, reached the highest level on the 6th or 8th day after pupation, and markedly decreased on the 1st day after emergence. Vg initated to be uptaken by the ovary on the 1st day after pupation, and then the titer of yolk protein in the ovary gradually increased with the increase of pupal dayage and finally reached a plateau level. In the same ovariole, Vt content in an eggchamber gradually grew with the increase of egg-chamber volume from the apex to terminal egg-chamber (closest to the oviduct). In contrast to Vt titer in the eggchamber of the ovariole in the pupa with older day-age, it was markedly lower in the corresponding eggchamber of the ovariole in the pupa with younger dayage. There was a positive linear relationship between Vt content and eggchamber volume. The results acquired by electron microscopy indicated that Vg uptaken by oocyte was stored as yolk body. The size of yolk body in an oocyte changed with ovary development. At earlier stage of ovary development, its size was relatively smaller. In the same ovariole, yolk body's size showed smaller in the apex oocyte, and showed larger with a net shape in the terminal oocyte (closest to the oviduct).

The karyotypes of four species in Pentatomidae were studied in male germ cells prepared on air-dried slides stained with Giemsa. Karyotype analyses using specific software are made for the first time in pentatomid karyotypic study and model karyotype charts are presented. All the 4 species have the typic number of 14 euchromosomes for the family Pentatomidae and an X-Y sex chromosomes mechanism. But the arrangements of autosomes and sex-chromosomes in metaphase I among the four species have nothing in common with each other,The results of karyotype analyses and model charts also exhibit different features respectively.

The entire sequence of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene (18S rDNA) of the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) has been cloned and sequenced. As compared with conservative homologous sequences of other six insects from different Orders, it is found that the 18S rDNA of the cotton bollworm (Lepidoptera) is structurally more similar to that of the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera), suggesting a closer phylogenetic relationship between the two Orders. Phylogenetic relationship analysis reveals the Strepsiptera is closer to Collembola, and indicates being an independent ancient branch in phylogeny.

A housefly (Musca domestica vicina Macquart) strain (DR0) possessing high level resistance to deltamethrin was selected under different insecticide applications in the laboratory, involving alternating insecticide(phoxim), using insecticide mixture(1∶100 mixture of deltamethrin and phoxim) and deltamethrin adding synergist(SV₁). Before generation F₁₆ (F₁₇),the development of resistance to deltamethrin and selecting insecticides was relatively slow in all three strains; but after that, the rate of development increased, especially that of the deltamethrin+SV₁ selected strain to deltamethrin.The changes of susceptibility to deltamethrin were correlated with the selection pressure. Biochemical studies showed that,the changes of enzyme activities or properties of esterase, carboxylesterase, mixed-function oxidase, glutathione-S-transferase and acetylcholinesterase were responsible for the changes of susceptibility in the resistant housefly.

Organophosphate insecticide (OP) resistance in mosquitoes of Culex pipiens complex has been shown to be correlated with the increase in esterase activity resulting from overproduction of the esterase due to amplification of the corresponding structural gene. Several esterase B loci have been identified with Southern hybridization and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). In this paper, esterase B loci in four OP resistant strains of Culex pipiens pallens were identified with the restriction analysis of PCR fragments. The results indicate that various esterase loci have different selective advantages under different OP pressures. B₁ gene was amplified in temephos-resistant strain, and B₂ gene was amplified in trichlorphon and chlorpyrifos-resistant strains. The hybridzygote of B₁ and B₂ genes was detected in the malathion-resistant strain. Different natural populations of C. pipiens pallens have different probability of B gene distribution. These results are discussed in relation to the selective advantage of esterase genes to OP pressure and mosquito control strategies.

The present paper is the results of ANOVA analysis and canonical discriminant analysis of morphological characters of hybrid larvae obtained from hybridization between members in Culex pipiens complex and their parents. It was found that there were significant differences among hybrids and their parents in siphonal index, branches of the first and second pair of siphonal tufts(1-S). These characters of the hybrids were intermediate between their parents.

Effects of larval diets on developmental period, pupal weight, fecundity and flight capacity of the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) were investigated. Larvae fed with the artificial diet showed a significant shorter larval duration and produced heavier pupae than those fed with maize seedling. Fecundity of the female adults from larvae reared on the artificial diet was significantly greater than that from maize seedling. Based on a 12 hours tethered-flight test of the newly emerged and unfed adults, moths from the larvae reared on the artificial diet and maize seedling could fly 25.5 and 3.3 km and 6.2 and 1.7 h, respectively, and these differences were also significant. The adults flying beyond 10 km and 5 h during the test period accounted for 67.9% and 60.7% of the total in the colony on the artificial diet while both the values only 4.2% in the colony on maize seedling. Most of these parameters from cabbage-fed larvae were similar to or a little poorer than those from the artificial diet-fed ones, but significantly better than those from maize seedling-fed group. These results suggest that growth, development and population dynamics of the beet armyworm must be significantly affected by larval diets. Furthermore, the artificial diet described in this paper might be used as a substitute for the natural foods of the beet armyworm.

An ecological study on the laboratory population of psocid, Liposcelis bostrychophila B.,was carried out on a diet composed of whole wheat flour,yeast and skimmed milk powder (10∶1∶1) at 8 levels of temperatures ranging from 17.5℃ to 35℃,as well as 5 humidities ranging from 50 to 90%RH. The parameters for development,survival and fecundity of the psocid laboratory population were obtained by means of statistics analysis in various rearing experiments.The results showed that the temperature lower than 20℃ and relative humidity less than 60%RH had adverse influence on survival.Within the range of 20～35℃,the mean development period of a generation was 59.8～19.1 days,the theoretical developmental threshold and the total effective temperature were 13.45℃ and 414.05 day-degree.The average numbers of eggs laid per female was 51.9～74.7. The highest generation survival rate was recorded at 27.5℃,while the lowest at 20℃.Within the range of 60%～90%RH, the shortest developmental duration at different stages was at 90%RH, while the highest survival rate and fecundity were observed at 80%RH. Consequently,the optimum temperature and relative humidity for its growth and reproduction were 27.5～30℃ and 80%RH.Finally,theoretical models for developmental speed,survinval rate and fecundity were suggested.

According to the burrow flea index, body flea,burrow track flea of the Meriones unguiculatus and the six meteorological factors in Tumete plain, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region during 1983～1985, it was found that ① there were eleven flea species, with Nosopsyllus laeviceps kuzenkovi (67.50%) as the dominant species, Neopsylla bidentatiformis (22.65%) came second ; ② the differences of the mean values among the three kinds flea index were significant (P<0.0001) ; ③ the correlation between the body flea and burrow track was significant (P<0.05), i.e,(burrow track flea index)=0.0049+0.0282(body flea index),the correlations between the burrow flea and the body flea and between the burrow flea and the burrow track flea were not significant (P>0.25) respectively;④ the correlation between the density of M. unguiculatus and the three kinds flea index was not significant (P>0.10);⑤ the monthly mean temperature was the only meteorological factor affecting the N.l kuzenkovi of the burrow flea(P<0.05);⑥the optimum regression subsets of multiple linear regression among the body flea (N. l. kuzenkovi and Xenopsylla conformis conformis) and the meteorological factors (P<0.003 and P<0.05),and among the burrow track flea (N. l. kuzenkovi and N. bidentatiformis) and the meteorological factors (P<0.0007 and P<0.01) were conducted, and the monthly evaporation was a main factor affecting the N. l. kuzenkovi of the body flea and the burrow track flea; ⑦ the differences in burrow flea indexes between spring and winter and between summer and winter were significant ( P<0.05), the differences in body flea indexes between spring and winter and between summer and winter were significant (P<0.05), the differences in burrow track flea indexes between spring and winter, between summer and autumn and between summer and winter were significant (P<0.05).

The development duration, survival rate, fecundity and longevity of the vegetable leafminer Liriomyza sativae Blanchard were observed at 15℃, 20℃, 25℃, 30℃ and 35℃ with RH76%. The results showed that duration of its various stages was shortened as temperature rose. The development durations of egg, larva and pupa varied from 7.6 to 2.0, 12.7 to 2.9 and 34.3 to 6.8 days, respectively. The average longevity of adults ranged from 17.3 days to 6.5 days. The development temperature thresholds for egg, larva and pupa were 7.5, 9.8, 11.5 and 10.9℃ with effective accumulated temperatures of 53.9, 52.7, 128.5 and 229.9(egg to pupa) day-degree, respectively. The survival rates of eggs were more than 84.2% under all temperatures tested, and those of larvae were above 94.5% except 66.7% at 15℃. Pupal survival rate varied greatly with the maximum 80.3% at 25℃ and the minimum 10.0% at 35℃. Since no egg was laid by the adults at 15℃, reproduction-specific life tables were constructed under the other four temperatures, which indicated that the maximum innate capacity of increase (r_m), the shortest doubling time (t), and the highest net reproduction rate (R₀) of the experimental population at occurred 30℃. Percentages of immature stage in the stable age-distribution were more than 97% at all temperatures tested.

The present paper deals with a new species, Baetis yixiani sp.nov.(imago, nymph), which was collected from Mt. Zijin, Nanjing. The new species is allied to B.laetificus Müller, but distinguishable from the latter by the number of gills. B.yixiani has 7 pairs of gill in abdomen 1～7; B.laetificus has 6 pairs of gill in abdomen 2～7. Types are deposited in the Department of Biology, Nanjing Normal University.

A new species of the genus Sinophasma Günther from Viet Nam, Sinophasma vietnamense sp.nov., is described. Type specimens are preserved in the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica. All measurements in descriptions are in mm.

This paper describes a new species of the genus Ducetia from Sichuan Province, D.zhengi sp. nov., and the female of Ducetia strelkovi Gorochov from Hainan Province for the first time. The type specimen is deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Shaanxi Normal University.

The present paper deals with species of Family Hydrochidae in China. One new species, Hydrochus rhytipterus sp.nov., is described. The species, Hydrochus binodosus Motschulsky, is newly recorded from China. Type specimens of the new species are deposited in Institute of Entomology, Zhongshan University.

This paper deals with a new genus and a new species of water mite, Laterolimnochares huangshanensis gen. Nov. & sp. Nov., from Anhui Province. This is the second report of the family Limnocharidae since Uchida reported a species of the family from Northeast China in 1941. A key to genera of the subfamily Limnocharinae is given. The distribution pattern of glandularia of the new species is presented.

Radar entomology was born as a new discipline in 1968. Comprehensive and intensive studies have been performed in UK, USA, Australia and China ever since.Radar entomologists have discovered many new phenomena in process of insect migration (e.g. layering,orientation,concentration etc.)and revealed the influence of atmospheric structure and motions on them.These data would undoubtedly deepen our understanding on behaviour machanism of insect migration.The technique's utility for insect migration research by radar has clearly been established and is approaching practical and operational applications.It seems that the fully automatic, season long and real time monitoring will be feasible with the development of the vertical-looking radar (VLR). Developing a VLR network in combination with GIS technique in China would produce an operational surveilliance system for migratiory pest outbreaks.

Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis deltaendotoxin is interrelated to larval midgut membrane receptor and its binding affinity and numbers.Binding to a specific receptor is an important determinant with respect to differences in insecticidal spectrum of Bacillus thuringiensis deltaendotoxin.Membrane receptor has different binding sites which can interact specially with different binding determinants on the toxin molecules.Meanwhile,endotoxin might interact with more than one receptor in BBMV.The interaction of toxin and membrane receptor shows both the complexity and diversity,but not only recognizing one by one simply.Insect resistance to Bt is also related to the midgut membrane receptor in binding sites,affinity and numbers.It was shown that midgut membrane receptors are brush border membrane vesicles on the membrane of midgut epithelial cells,they belong to aminopeptidase family or cadherin family.Aminopeptidase acts as receptor just on its presence,but not its enzymatic activity.