Deltamethrin was found to affect ATPase activity and protein phosphorylation of housefly brain synaptosome in vitro. Both Na, K-ATPase and Ca-ATPase activities can be inhibited by various concentrations of deltamethrin (10^-9～10^-4mol/L). However, the inhibition was higher in susceptible housefly than in deltamethrin resistant strain. In intact susceptible housefly brain synaptosome the most significant result was inhibition of endogenous protein phosphorylation by 10^-5 mol/L of deltamethrin. Such effect in deltamethrin resistant housefly was suppressed by adding the exogenous Ca²⁺ or Ca²⁺ and calmodolin to the reaction system.Cyclic AMP stimulated the overall phosphorylation level,particularly 48 kD protein in susceptible housefly. The 48 kD protein,isoelectric point pI 5.2,may be the brain-specific B-50 protein in housefly.All these results indicated that: (1)Deltamethrin has the property to affect ATPase activity and protein phosphorylation. (2) Deltamethrin might limits calcium transport which connects with the protein phosphorylation.

Transfer vector p35IE1Neo containing anti-apoptotic p35 gene and neomycinresistant gene(as selection marker) was constructed. After transfecting Sf9 cells and G418 screening, cells transformed with p35IE1Neo were obtained. One clone was picked and named Sf9-35. By PCR detection, it was found that the genome of Sf9-35 cells contain p35 gene. After actinomycin D treatment and cellular DNA electrophoresis and detection of TUNEL(TdT mediated bio-dUTP nick endlabeling), Sf9-35 cells were found to be resistant to apoptosis induced by actinomycin D.

The volatiles emitted from the various treated tea shoots were dynamically entrapped by Tenax GC and identified by GC and GC-MS. Results showed that the volatiles emitted from various treated tea shoots differed in composition and relative contents. Volatile emitted from intact tea shoots (IS) was composed of a blend of 11 components; while volatile emitted from mechanically damaged tea shoots (MDS) was a blend of 13 components and volatile from plant host feeding complex (PHC) was a blend of 15 components. Volatile extracted from tea shoots by SDE method was identified to be a blend of 13 components. The order of relative contents from above treatments is SDE>MDS>PHC>IS. Y-tube olfactometer bioassay results showed that inexperienced female wasps had no preference to volatiles emitted from IS and MDS over clean air (control) statistically, while strong preference to volatiles emitted from MDS+Reg, LDS, and PHC over control was observed.

In this study, 11 restriction endonucleases were used to analyze the RFLP of mitochondrial DNA purified from nine species of Sphingonotus Fieber, Leptopternis gracilis which has close relationship with Sphingonotus and Calliptamus italicus which has somewhat distant relationship with Sphingonotus. We estimated the average number of nucleotide substitutions per site (genetic distance, P) among these species according to the cleavage patterns and Nei & Li's models(1979). We also constructed the molecular phylogenetic trees and studied the phylogenetic relationship by the UPGMA method. These results show that the P values among the nine species of Sphingonotus are about 0.099 to 0.146, the P values between Sphingonotus and the distant genus are about 0.113～0.226. So the divergence time among the species of Sphingonotus would be about 10～15 million years.

Berberine is one of the alkloids in Coptis chinensis Franch. Berberine hydrochloride was extracted from fresh roots of Coptis chinensis from Huaxi, Guiyang. The extract was crystalized and the content was measured with spectrophotometer. The crystalized product contains 91% berberine hydrochloride. The percentage of berberine hydrochloride in the Coptis chinensis is 11.56%. The result of bioassay in laboratory showed that berberine hyddrochloride has very strong contact toxicity and relatively good antifeeding activity to Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus).1% berberine hydrochloride solution of ethanol was prepared and used to treat the aphid typically. After 96 hours, mortality rate was 92.5%。Its rectified mortality and LC₅₀ were 91.4% and (2.289±0.0215)g/L respectively. The regression equation is Y=7.712+1.027X. The coefficient of correlation is 0.958, reaching to the significance level. 1% berberine hydrochloride solution of ethanol was also used to treat cabbage leaves. Aphids were subsequently introduced on them. After 24 hours, the landing rate of aphids on the treated and control leave surfaces were 20.6% and 79.4% respectively. The antifeeding effect was 74.04%, AFC₅₀＝(4.055±00215)g/L. The regression equation is Y＝9.115+1.719X. Coefficient of correlation is 0.998, at very significance level.

The effect of environmental factors on the fecundity of fall-migrants and development of sexual females of Schlechtendalia chinensis (Bell) was examined. Using single trials of temperatures ranging from 14℃ to 34℃ and humidities ranging from 100 to 50%RH , the results showed that the fecundity of fallmigrants is essentially related to temperature and humidity, and the most optimum temperature and humidity for reproduction are 26℃ and 80%RH, respectively. Through orthogonal combinations of temperature (X₁), humidity(X₂), and light intensity (X₃) at different levels, the results suggested that temperature is primarily responsible for the development of sexual females, followed by humidity and light intensity. The optimal regression equation between development period (Y) and temperature (X₁), humidity (X₂),light intensity (X₃) was achieved as:Y=26.807-.700X₁+1.825X₂-2.725X₃. Considerably low temperature combined with higher humidity and weaker light intensity caused a decrease in the rate of development of sexual females.

The preoviposition period (POP), fecundity, copulation and longevity of the migratory oriental armyworm moth, Mythimna separata (Walker), as influenced by tethered flight were investigated in the laboratory. The moths flown for 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours at day-1 after emergence began oviposition 1-2 days earlier than the unflown ones, and the difference was significant. Life time fecundity of the moths flown at this age for various periods was also greater than that of the control indicating that flight can enhances the reproduction capacity of the moths. The reproductive parameters, however, differed greatly in the moth following 23-5hours tethered flight at different ages after emergence. POP of the moths flown at day-1 was not only significantly shorter than that of the control, but also than that of the moths starting to fly from day-2 to day-5. POP of the moths flown at day-5, however was significantly longer than that of the control. Life time fecundity of the moth showed close relation to the age of the moths starting to fly. The earlier the moths started to fly after emergence, the greater the fecundity they had. When the moths flown at day-5 after emergence, for example, their life time fecundity was only half of that in the control and half less than that in the moths flown at day-1, exhibiting an oogenesis-flight syndrome. Relationship between flight distance and the total fecundity of the moth differed greatly as the age of the moth starting to fly varied. Fecundity in the moth flown farther or longer was greater than those flown shorter when the moth was tested at day-1 to day-3. The situation, however, got reverse when the moth was starting to fly at day-4 and day-5. Regardless of flight age of the moth, the oviposition peak of the flown moths occurred 1 day earlier than that of the moth without tethered flight. Longevity, mating percentage of the moths undergone flight were insignificantly different from that of the controls, except the mating percentage of the moth flown at day 5 was lower. The ascent period of the moth for migration, significance of flight or migration in the life history, population dynamics and outbreaks of the oriental armyworm are discussed on the results obtained together with the lights of published findings.

Phasmatodea is a group of insects with strong regeneration ability of leg autotomy. Results of our experimental studies on 3 species of genus Sinophasma Günther indicate that this ability is closely related with time and number of legs amputated: (1) If 1 or 2 legs were amputated at 1～4 instar, length of the regenerated legs of the adults or of the last instar, are close to those of the normal insects (the control); (2) If the same amputation (1 or 2 legs) was done at beginning of 5 instar, lengths of the regenerated legs of the adult insects are shorter than those of the control; (3) If legs were amputated at 6 instar or adult stage no regeneration is possible, (if at 6 instar legs regenerated as usual , the nymph stage will prolong to 7 instar). Other results are: (1) When 3 or more legs amputed, the insects can not survive, death follows within 2 or 3 days. (2) Rate of growth of the regenerate legs is faster than that of the normal legs and rate increases with the increase of instar stage. (3) Either regenerated or normal legs elongate only when molting.

Metaphycus ericeri Xu et Jiang is an important parasitic wasp of female white wax insect, Ericerus pela Chavannes. The parasitic wasp has 5 generations per year in Kunming and overwinters as 3rd, 4th, 5th instar larvae and pupae in host body. The thermal threshold and thermal sum for the development are 11.45℃and 552.93 daydegrees respectively. The mean generation times at 18℃, 21℃, 24℃, 27℃ and 30℃ are 66.87d,47.27d,35.56d,30.84d and 27.81d respectively. The adults sucked honey dew and the host body fluid for its complementary nutrition. The sex ratio is 1.75～2.88:1 (mean 2.25:1). The pre-oviposition period is 2～3 days. At 18℃,21℃,24℃,27℃ and 30℃, the number of eggs produced per female is 4.37,13.29,18.16,19.31 and 15.14,and percentage of eggs produced is 1856%,64.14%,83.49%,89.81% and 75.81%respectively. The female wasp doesn't oviposit at 15℃. The adult longevity is influenced by food, sex and oviposition. The larvae undergo 5 instars. The 1st～4th instar larvae live on the host body fluid and tissue. The 5th instar larvae stop feeding, excrete and pupate in the host body.

In this experiment, the microdissection and the freezing microtomy of the internal sac of aedeagus of longicorn beetles including 3 species belonging to Acalolepta were carried out. Detailed descriptions of the anatomical structure of the internal sac of aedeagus in different species, such as the type of bone valves and chitin area in the basical part, the form, number and distribution of spines (microtrichia)on the wall of the internal sac, and different shape of ejaculatory ampoule connected to the apical part of the internal sac etc, are given in this paper. It is supposed that the chitinization of the apical part of the internal sac, the lateral band of reinforcement contributing to copulation and the ejaculatory ampoule for recollecting sperms are important for the taxonomic and phylogenetic study of the longicorn beetles.

The phylogeny of Pemphigidae (Homoptera: Aphidinea) is studied using cladistic method. The monophyly of traditional Schlechtendalini, Fordini and Pemphigini are recognized,while traditional Prociphilini and Tetraneurini are found to be paraphyletic groups. Moreover, Fordinae and Pemphiginae have closer phylogenetic relationship with each other than with others. Formosaphis is transferred from Pemphiginae to Fordinae accordingly.

According to species compositions and faunal characters of Catantopidae in different biogeographical subregions of China, we discovered that the faunal characters are indistinct both in the Central China subregion and the Northeastern China subregion. Both southern and northern species are distributed mixing with each other in the Central China subregion, and the endemic species in the Northeastern China subregion are also distributed in other subregions. These discoveries are inconsistent with the view grasshoppers have distinct regional distribution characters. So a view of Ma Shijun is accepted here that Jianghanhuai Plain, Huaiyang Mountains of Qinling, Liaohuanghuai Plain are regarded as a part of Palaeartic region, forming the oriental fauna. Based on the fact of that species composition in the Northeastern China subregion is closely related to that in Siberian subregion and a few species are the same as those in Europe, we suggest that it maybe better to deal with Siberia as an independent subregion in zoo-geography.

New species of the genus Xistrelia Bolivar from Wuling Mountains area, China, Xistrella hunanensis n. sp., is described. A key to the Chinese species is provided. Type specimens are deposited in the Kunming Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica.

This paper deals with 3 new species of the coccioid inhabiting Encyrtidae collected from Hunan Province of China.Type specimens are deposited in the Department of Plant Protection,Henan Agricultural University.

A new genus and two new species of the tribe Sphecophagina，subfamily Gelinae are described in this paper: Lentocerus Dong gen. Et sp. Nov.; Lentocerus lijiangensis Dong, sp. Nov.; Lentocerus dentatus Dong, sp. Nov..Type specimens are deposited in the Kunming Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica.

Bacillus sphaericus is an ubiquitous, cosmopolitan, aerobic, sporeforming bacteria. Nine serotype strains among them are pathogenic for mosquito larvae. The most active strains produce a crystal toxin which is composed of two proteins of 51.4 and 41.9kＤ during sporulation. After larvae ingest the spore/crystal complex, the crystal toxin is hydrolyzed into active toxins and bind to a specific receptor on midgut brushborder membranes. The resulting damage of the midgut cells leads to the death of mosquitoes. During the vegetative growth, the low toxic and some high toxic strains synthesize mosquitolarvicidal proteins of 100, 31.5 and 35.8kD(Mtx toxins). It is proved that these toxins have no homology with the crystal toxin and other insecticidal toxins. For better control of mosquito larvae, cloning and expressing of the crystal and Mtx toxin genes in different hosts have been studied. In this paper, the recent progress and development on mosquitolarvicidal toxins of B.sphaericus and their genetic manipulation for mosquito control are reviewed.