traps designed and made by authors and imitated cylindrical traps, in which synthetic sex pheromone, (Z, E)-9, 12-tetradecadienyl acetate(TDA) was used as attractive source for the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella, were employed. Five factors possibly affecting captures of the insects (Y), i.e. daily average temperature (X₁), days of synthetic sex pheromone applied (X₂), number of male moths released in the first day(X₃), accumulated number of male moths released within two days (X₄) and accumulated number of male moths released within three days (X₅), were determined in the laboratory. Multiple linear regression and progressive regression were used to screen among the five factors. The results showed that there was a linear correlation between the five factors and the number of male moths captured on conditions that the daily average temperature ranged from 18.5℃ to 26.2℃ and the synthetic sex pheromone (TDA) was exposed from 9 to 37 days. As the three independent varieties X₂, X₄, X₅ with insignificant coefficient of partial regression were eliminated, a multiple linear regression equation was derived as follows: Y=-27.31+1.37X₁+0.28X₃. The multiple correlation coefficient ® of this equation was 0.90>R_0.01(n-2,0.63). This result indicated that both the daily average temperature and the number of male moths released in the first day were closely related to the number of male moths captured each night. Chi-square test proved no significant difference between the actual values and calculated ones for moths captured.

An investigation on body and burrow fleas of the Brandt's vole, Microtus brandti, in Narenbaolige Sumu, Abaga Banner, Inner Mongolia, during 1989～1998 was summarized. Nine flea species in 7 genera in 3 families were found on the vole body with Amphipsylla primaris mitis as the dominant species(41.8%),followed by Neopsylla pleskei orientalis (41.2%) and Frontopsylla luculenta (13.2%). Nine flea species in 6 genera of two families were detected in the vole burrow nest with N. p. orientalis as the dominant species (74.9%). F. luculenta (10.0%), A. p. mitis(8.2%) and Rhadinopsylla rothschildi (6.4%) were commonly occurring. There was a positive correlation between the index of A. p. mitis, N. p. orientalis and F. luculenta and that of all the fleas on the vole body (P<0.05), respectively. The correlation coefficient between index of N. p.orientalis, F. luculenta and R.rothschildi and that of the total fleas in the vole burrow nest was significant (P<0.01), respectively. The proportion of burrow flea index to that of body flea was about 5∶1 in spring while it approached 75∶1 in autumn. N. p.orientalis was the dominant species either in the vole body fleas or in the nest ones. Of the vole body fleas 41.8% was A. p. mitis, which belonged to the body type flea. F.luculenta was common flea species on the vole body and in its burrow.

Using the string bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, as the food plant, the effects of temperature and relative humidity (RH) on development, survivorship and food intake of the vegetable leafminer, Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, were studied. The results indicated a relationship of logistic curves between the developmental rate and the temperatures tested. The lower temperature threshold for development of the egg, larva, pupa and immature stage was estimated at 8.9℃, 10.1℃, 9.6℃ and 9.5℃ respectively, and the corresponding effective accumulated degree-day required for these stages were 57.7 DD, 53.9 DD, 151.9 DD and 264.2 DD. Effect of RH on development was little. When the temperature was >34℃ or <19℃, the survival rate of each stage decreased. The humidity mainly affected the survival of pupae. In RH<50%, the adult emergence rate declined obviously. Under conditions of higher temperature and lower humidity, pupae could not survive. The area of leave mined by the larvae at lower temperature was greater than at higher temperature, and the area was about 1.6 cm² at 25℃, while it was about 0.9 cm² at 28～34℃

Based on analysis of interaction between the yellow stem borer (YSB), Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) and its host rice, ecological mechanism for homeostasis of the insect population in its successive generations was investigated. The result showed that yearly pattern of the moth occurring durations among generations a year was similar although dynamics of their number was different in Wujin County, Jiangsu Province and Hexian County, Anhui Province with distinct rice cropping systems. Duration of the 2nd generation moth in the field was always ≥27 days, much longer than that of the 1st generation in different years. The duration increment mainly resulted from different developing rates of larvae even in the plants of the same rice variety, with an extreme stage difference of 3 instars after the neonates infesting into the rice for 20 days. The asynchronous development of YSB larvae in the host led to the evidently increase in temporal niche of the population by 22.0%～75.0%, which counteracted the decrease of its spatial niche due to the larval mortality. Consequently dualdimension niche of the population expanded by 15.1%～59.3%. The asynchronous development also made it feasible to mate between the offsprings of the earliest and the latest occurring moths, so as to produce a combined type of YSB. It was probable that homeostasis of the YSB population was genetically kept by the combined type and its offsprings which would avoid genetic drift of the population in extreme climates such as a earlier emerging spring. Finally, the strategy and key techniques for systematic management of YSB population in both quantity and quality of YSB population have been established and well practiced in certain areas on the basis of these researches.

Retinia pseudotsugaicola Liu et Wu, new species, is described from Yunnan Province, China. The larvae attacked cones of Pseudotsuga sinensis Dode. Adults, genitalia and larvae are figured. A brief note on the biology is given.

Bipectilus zhejiangensis Wang sp. nov. is described from Zhejiang. It differs from B. yunnanensis Chu et Wang in venation and male genitalia: forewing with Cu₂ out of A₁, and male genitalia also different. Holotype ♂, Anji, Zhejiang, May, 1998, by ZHENG Jian-jia. Allotype ♀, ditto. Paratype 4♂♂, 3♀♀, ditto. All the type specimens are kept in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Four new species of Phyllocoptinae are reported.The length unit is in micron. All type specimens are deposited in Nanjing Agricultural University.

In the present paper, a new genus with a new species of Bulbogamasidae Gu, Wang et Duan, 1991 is described and figured. At present, in the new genus except type species Mirabulbus qinbaensis sp. Nov., Lasioseius yadongensis Ma et Wang, 1997 is transferred from the Lasioseius to the Mirabulbus gen. Nov., full name as M.yadongensis (Ma et Wang, 1997), comb. nov..

Insects and plants are important components of the terrestrial biocommunities on the globe; living together they perform diversified interactions including patterns of insectan trophic activity and mode of pollination. In this paper the relationship between these interactions and evolution is discussed. According to the breadth of hostplant range, phytophagous insects are usually classified into specialists (with narrow host range) and generalists (with broad host range). If the seemingly advantage to feed on many different plants by insects is considered, the generalists would be regarded to attain a higher level of evolution. However, a careful examination on the biocommunities in nature usually gives rise to the hard question of why there are so many specialists among insect herbivores. The explanation seems to lie in the higher efficiency of hostplant foraging and the ease of escaping or avoidance from natural enemies in the specialists. Plant adaptation to insect herbivory presumably would cause corresponding reactions in insects, leading to the proposals of coevolution theory. For hostplant selection by insects, several theories are proposed to clarify the present status as paired reciprocal, diffused and community coevolutions. The precedence of diversification of secondary metabolic chemicals in plants and the mutability and adaptation in insect sensory function as well as learning and memory also lead to the proposal of the theory of sequential evolution or colonization. In pollination the mutualistic adaptations between flowers and pollinator insects are manifested in convincing examples including the changing signalling cues from flowers as scents, colors in different plant species, and the blooming schedules, and the behavioral responses and structural modifications of the pollinator insects.

Structural proteins of baculovirus and their functions are reviewed. Core of the virus is composed of supercoiled dsDNA genome proximately 120 kb in size and related basic proteins which couple with the genome DNA to maintain its complexity and enhance its infectivity. Capsid proteins are the main structural proteins of the virus, which include VP39, VP78/83, VP87, VP80 and VP24. Envelope proteins include PDV-E25, PDV-6e, PDV-E66, PDV-E56, PDV-E18, PDV-EC27, PDV-E35, PDV-EC27, BV/PDV-E26, PDV-43, gp64-67 and VP40/41. The paper also presents some other important structural proteins of the virus.