昆虫学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (12): 1386-1394.doi: 10.16380/j.kcxb.2016.12.012

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

重庆中华蜜蜂的形态和遗传多样性

谷瑛1, 宾先丽1, 刘璐1, 周俊1, 马振刚1, 谭宏伟2, 周泽扬1, 许金山1,*   

  1. (1. 重庆师范大学生命科学学院, 重庆401331; 2. 重庆市畜牧技术推广总站, 重庆 401121)
  • 出版日期:2016-12-20 发布日期:2016-12-20

Morphological and genetic diversity of the Chinese honeybee, Apis cerana cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Chongqing, southwestern China

GU Ying1, BIN Xian-Li1, LIU Lu1, ZHOU Jun1, MA Zhen-Gang1, TAN Hong-Wei2, ZHOU Ze-Yang1, XU Jin-Shan1,*   

  1.  (1. College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; 2. Chongqing General Station of Animal Husbandry Technology Extension, Chongqing 401121, China)
  • Online:2016-12-20 Published:2016-12-20

摘要: 【目的】研究地理位置接近的山地区域中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana的形态与遗传多样性,对开展中华蜜蜂遗传资源的保护具有重要意义。重庆多山,如大巴山、武陵山、大娄山等,当地植被茂盛、蜜源植物丰富,适宜中华蜜蜂的生存繁衍。因此,重庆中华蜜蜂是研究同一地域复杂地形下中华蜜蜂形态和遗传分化的良好对象。本研究首次全面调查重庆地区中华蜜蜂种质资源多样性,分析不同生境中华蜜蜂种质资源的分化,考察潜在的基因交流情况,为中华蜜蜂的资源保护提供参考。【方法】运用吻长、翅长、翅宽、翅面积、肘脉指数、第3、4背板长等形态指标对来自重庆不同山脉和周边地区的139群中华蜜蜂进行形态测量和统计,同时对mtDNA tRNAleu~COⅡ段非编码区序列进行PCR扩增并测序分析。【结果】形态分析显示,以亚热带季风气候为主的武陵山、大娄山地区中华蜜蜂能够区分以亚热带山地气候为主的大巴山地区聚群, 以及重庆西、北部的聚群。Structure群体结构分析mtDNA非编码区单倍型序列发现,不同山地生境中华蜜蜂种群之间存在基因交流,而两大山系与重庆周边地区中华蜜蜂种群之间同样存在基因交流。此外发现了3个新的东方蜜蜂单倍型,分别是大巴山CqH4、大娄山CqH7、西部丘陵CqH13。【结论】重庆中华蜜蜂不同地理种群形态发生了分化,表现出较强适应性。各山脉和地区中华蜜蜂种群之间遗传结构接近,具有共同遗传单倍型,暗示基因交流发生在不同地理种群中,导致重庆中华蜜蜂的遗传分化不明显。

关键词: 中华蜜蜂, 地理种群, 形态, 遗传多样性, 单倍型, 重庆

Abstract: 【Aim】 Chongqing of southwestern China features hills and low mountains in which floral resource plants are abundant. As a consequence, there exists a rich resource of the Chinese honeybee, Apis cerana cerana in different geographical regions of Chongqing. Our study comprehensively surveyed the morphological and haplotype diversity of A. cerana cerana populations collected from different habitats in different regions of Chongqing, which will contribute to the resource conservation of A. cerana cerana. 【Methods】 Samples of one hundred and thirty-nine A. cerana cerana populations from different mountainous regions of Chongqing and surrounding areas were collected, and six morphological characteristics of these samples were measured. The fragments of mtDNA tRNAleu-COⅡ non-coding region were amplified by PCR and then sequenced to evaluate their genetic diversity. 【Results】 Morphological cluster analysis showed that honeybee populations from Wuling and Ta-lou mountains with subtropical monsoon climate could be distinguished from the honeybee populations from Ta-pa mountains with subtropical mountain climate, and the northern and western regions of Chongqing. The analysis of genetic structure of mtDNA non-coding region showed that gene flow occurred among the honeybee populations from different mountainous habitats. Three new haplotypes of A. cerana cerana were identified, i.e., CqH4 from Ta-pa Mountains, CqH7 from Ta-lou Mountains and CqH13 from western hills. 【Conclusion】 The morphological characteristics of different geographical populations of A. cerana cerana in Chongqing show a degree of diversification and are consistent with the geographical distribution. The common haplotypes are usually shared between the A. cerana cerana populations from different mountains and regions of Chongqing, suggesting that gene flow occurs and thereby increases the genetic complexity of the Chinese honeybee.

Key words: Apis cerana cerana, geographical population, morphology, genetic diversity, haplotype, Chongqing