Based on multiplicity and genetic polymorphism of P-450 genes, total MrNA was isolated through oligo (Dt) -cellulose column from total RNAs of an insecticidesusceptible strain of the housefly, Musca dornestica vicina Macquart treated with sodium phenobarbital in the drinking water. Double-stranded Cdna were synthesized by reverse-transcription and used as template for polymerase chain reaction(PCR). The 1.5kb long anticipated DNA fragment coding for P-450 protein was amplified by PCR,using a pair of low G/C% content primers designed according to CYP6A1 Cdna gene.

The fibrinolytic component (FC) separated from the homogenate of abdomen of Tabanus quinquecinctus Ricardo was showed to possess both fibrinolytic enzyme and plasminogen activator activities. After ammonium sulphate precipitation,Sephadex G-75 gel filtration, Fibrin-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography and elution from eleetrophoresis, it appeared as a single band corresponding to molecular weight(MW) of approximately 40kD on SDS-PAGE and its isoelectric point was about 4. 5 on IEF. Its optimal reaction pH was 9.0 and optimal reaction temperature was 28℃. The activity of FC was totally lost after incubation at 37℃ for two hours and could be inhibited byCa²⁺, Mn²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Hg²⁺and PMSF.

The mitotic chromosomes of silkwormBombyx mori are prepared from gonads of fourth or fifth instar larvae 14 h after BrdU (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine) solution has been injected into the silkworm hemolymph. With the fluorochrome (FPG) banding technique, the replication banding patterns of silkworm mitotic chromosomes during theearly, mid and late replications are successfully demonstrated. When BrdU incorporates into DNA synthesis early, the early replication banding pattern, showing large lightstained area on most chromosomes, can be observed. According to the characteristics of replication bands in each chromosome, homologous chromosomes can be identified;When BrdU incorporates into DNA synthesis at mid-way, the mid replication banding pattern, which displays more bands, can be observed; When BrdU incorporates intoDNA replication very late, only a few light-stained bands can be found near the terminal or middle area of some chromosomes. This kind of pattern is classified as late replication bading pattern.

Realized heritabilities (h²) of resistance to F-M mixture (fenvalerate+malathion) and its components in Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) and Helicoverp aarmigera (Htibner) and to CPM mixture (cyhalothrin+parathion-methyl+methomyl)and its components in Helicoverpa armigera were estimated by threshold trait analysis.The values of h² to mixtures in Lipaphis erysirni and Helicoverpa armigera were smaller than that of its components significantly, and the order was: pyrethroid>carbamate>organophosphorus〉mixture. The application lifetime of the two mixtures was longer than the total of its compoments's lifetimes respectively, resistance risk was: pyrethroid >carbamate>organophosphorus>mixture. Both F-M mixture and CPM mixture could delay resistance development, and CPM mixture was better in delaying resistance development in Helicoverpa armigera.

Contents of glyceride, glycogen and water in various stages of the adult ori ental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Walker), as affected by larval rearing densities (1, 20, 40 larvae/jar (850 mL)) were studied in laboratory conditions. Glyceride levelin the newly emerged adults from crowded larvae was significantly higher than that from isolated ones, even though it was insignificantly different in adults from 20 and 40 larvae/jar. Differences in glyceride levels also occurred in later stages of the adult life. Glyceride contents in both male and femlae adults from isolated larvae were significantly greater than those from crowded larvae on the 1st d of the adult life. Situations, however,inversely changed by the 3rd and 5th d of the adult life. Glycogen and water con-tents in the newly emerged adults were insignificantly affected by larval rearing densities, but were significantly affected in later stages of the adult life. Water contents in adults from 40 larvae/jar were significantly higher than that from isolated larvae on thelst and 5th d of adult life. Glycogen level in I-day-old male adults from 40 larvae/jar was significantly higher in comparison with that from isolated and the other larval rear ing densities. Besides, glycogen content in female adults from crowded larvae was increased, but that from isolated ones was decreased as the adult's age increased. These results indicate that larval rearing density affects the levels of energetic sources not only in the newly emerged adults, but also in later stages of the adult life. Significance of the study'is discussed in light of published findings.

Celangulin V isolated from the root bark of the plant Celastrus angulatus is a new insecticidal compound. The effects of celangulin V on the midgut cells and digestive enzyme activities of Mythimna separata larvae were determined by means of electronmicroscopy and biochemical analysis. It was observed that the midgut cells and their organelles of poisoned larvae exhibited distinct pathological changes: the microvilli of the column cell were disordered and the number of microvilli was decreased markedly, thebasal infolding of the cell membrane was enlarged, in which the number of mitochondria was decreased. It was also observed that mitochondria had irregularly enlarged, the bilayer membrane was not intact, the cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum were distended; the cavity of goblet cell was enlarged, in which the microvilli came off. The results of biochemical analysis showed that the activities of protease, amylase and lipase of the poisoned larval midgut had no significant changes compared with the normal larval midgut. It is thus suggested that celangulin V might act on the plasmalemma and the organelle membrane of the midgut cells.

Ultrastructure and secretory function of the mesodermal reproductive tract and acessory glands in the adult male black cutworm, Agrotis ypsilon, were studied with light and electron microscopies and histo-chemical method. The results were summarized as follows: (1) The male mesodermal reproductive tract was divided into eight regions: sperm modification vesicle, vas deferens, seminal vesicle and spermatophore gland in 1-5 segments, based on the constriction location, anatomical characters, ultrastructure, secretory manner and sperm variation in both form and amount.(2) The histological structure of male mesodermal reproductive tract showed it consisted of four layers: single epithelum, basal lamella, muscle layer and peritoneal membrane, but without a cuticular intima. (3) The secretory cells of the tract and gland had good capacity for protein synthesis and secretion. They were classified into two main types on the basis of organelles in the cytoplasm: (a) endoplasmic reticulum type, which had a lot of rough endoplasmicreticula and Golgi complexes; (b) vacuole type, which had a great number of secretory vacuoles and free ribosomes. There were at least four secretory manners in these cells,I. E. granular apocrine, vacuole apocrine, cytoplasm merocrine and intercellular secretion.

Valvular structure and function of mesodermal glands of male reproductive tract in the black cutworm, Agrotis ypsilon, were studied with light and electron microscopies. The results were summarized as follows: (1) Distinct constrictions occur between and within the various parts of mesodermal glands of the male reproductive tract. There were seven constrictions located between male accessory gland-seminal vesicle, seminal vesicle-lst segment of spermatophoregland, 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5 segments of spermatophore gland, and 5th segment of spermatophore gland-e tubule. (2) The histological structure of constriction consisted of four successive layers:valvular cells, basal lamella, muscle nad peritomeal membrane. (3) The valvular structure characteristics of constriction cell were as follows: apical region lengthened and expanded into mushroom-like convex projection which possessed a lot of long and thin microvilli blocking the tubule lumen, the nucleus surround-ed densely by rough endopalsmic reticula and some Golgi complexes, with large intercellular spaces. (4) The results of polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoresis of the secretions of the segments of spermatophore gland divided by constrictions showed that the electrophoresispatterns were quite different. The results of the PAS reaction also showed that theforms of those serections were different in cross section of lummen. Therefore, the valvular structure of constriction is considered to be an important part in separating secretion of mesodermal glands of male reproductive tract.

The nature of the biotype of the brown planthopper (BPH) immigrating into rice field was recently studied. Results indicated that no obvious differences in virulence, rate of survival, honeydew excretion, zymograms of the esterase isozyme had been found between the immigrant populations and the primitive population of BPH on susceptible cultivar Nanjing 11. Therefore, the immigrant populations of BPH were still of biotype I in Jiang-Huai rice region, but their virulence to Mudgo had developed a lit tle bit. The virulence to Mudgo decreased down to scale 1.0 when the BPH biotype fed on susceptible varieties for 8 generations, showing its virulent unstability.

The life span of Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann lasted 135.8 d in average under laboratory conditions (27±1℃, 75%RH, 6L: 18D). The mean durations for the various stages of the life cycle were as follow: egg period 38.5 dF prefeeding, feeding and premoulting periods of larva 5.3, 3.8 and 13.9 d respectively, those of nymph7.2, 5.4 and 16.9 dF prefeeding, feeding, preoviposition and oviposition periods of adult female 7.6, 9.4, 7.8 and 20.0 d respectively. In addition, there existed a highly significant correlation between the engorgement body weight of female and the egg mass (r=0.949 6, P＜0.001). The reproductive efficiency index (REI) and reproductive fitness index (RFI) in female were 11.06 and 7.19 respectively. The life cycle did not significantly change along with seasons. During adults feeding period, males were attracted by females so as to achieve copulation and this process was regulated by an attractant sex pheromone.

The glabripennis species group of Anoplophora includes five species in China: a species in Taiwan and 4 species in mainland. They are: A. Flavomaculata(Gressitt), A. glabripennis (Motschulsky), A. nobilis (Ganglbauer), A. freyi (Breun-ing) and A. coeruleoantennatus (Breuning). The first one, a Taiwan species is not available to the authors, and the last one is a suspectable species, it is perhaps merely individual variation. This paper deals with the taxonomic characteristics of anatomy with the genitalia,host, distribution, origin and evolution of the group. A.Glabripennis (Motschulsky) is distributed mainly over Shanxi Province and the plateau of eastern Shanxi, its primary host being Populus, Salix, ulmus and Acer. A.Nobilis (Ganglbauer) is distributed mainly over Gansu, Ningxia and Shaanxi Provinces,north to the Qinling Mountains, its primary host being Populus. A. freyi (Breuning) is distributed mainly over Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou Provinces, south of Qinling Mountains, its primary host being Salix, but A. nobilis (Ganglbauer) and A. glabripen-his (Motschuksky) are not found in this region. The ranges of distribution of these three species overlap in Shanxi and (or)Shaanxi, about north of Qinling mountains.

The present paper deals with 24 species of the genus Eupeodes, of which,one (E. nuba) is new record to China and two are described as new to science. Two new combinations are proposed in Eupeodes (s. Str. ), I. E. , Eupeodes (E.) nuba (Wiede-mann, 1830), Eupeodes (E.) latimacula (Peck, 1969). A key to the known Chinese species is also given. All type specimens are deposited in the Insect Collections of Shanghai Agricultural College.

In this paper three new species,Setoptus parviflorae sp. Nov. of Nalepellidae, Aculus pistaciae sp. Nov. and Pentamerus meliae sp. Nov. of Eriophyidae and Apodiptacus rubi sp. Nov. of Diptilomiopidae, are described. The Iength unit is in micrometer. All type specimens are deposited in Nanjing Agricultural University.

Two species of the genus Sophronia Hubner are described as new to sciencein this paper. The type specimens are deposited in the Northwestern College of Forestry.

Two new species of the gensu Thagria Melichar (Cicadellidae.Coelidiinae) are described and illustrated from China. The type specimens are deposited in the Department of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.

A new species of the genus Gamasiphis is described in the present paper.All type specimens are deposited in the National Base of Plague and Brucellosis Control,Baicheng City, Jilin Province.

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been widely used because of its specificity for target insects, its low development cost and its environmental compatibility. Much efforts are devoted to the mechanism of its action and the enhancement of its toxicity. This paper is confined to Cry I δ-endotoxin to present the progress of studies on these points. The mode of action of δ-endotoxin includes 5 steps: solubilization, degradation, binding with receptors, intercalation and formation of pore or channel. In order to improve the toxicity of δ-endotoxin, various physical and chemical factors including plant allelochemicals are used for strengthening the solubilization, degradation of B-endotoxin, or the interaction between δ-endotoxin and insect midgut. Other means such as screening higher toxicity strains of Bt, using the feeding stimulants to increase larval ingestion, protecting δ-endotoxin from ultraviolet irradiation and cooperatinig with othermicrobes, are also proved to be effective in the potentiation of B endotoxin.