A recombinant Helicoverpa armigera nuclear polyhedrosis virus rHa-FGP carrying green fluorescent protein gene (gfp) was constructed by transposonshuttle system. Third instar larvae of cotton bollworm were fed with the rHa-FGP and reared in laboratory for three successive generations without repeated infection. The percentages of larvae that emitted green fluorescence in the three generations were about 34%, 20%, 8%, respectively. Recombination baculovirus DNA was extracted from the larvae of each generation, which emitted green fluorescence, and analyzed by PCR and dot blot. The results indicated that the green fluorescent protein gene was expressed in every generation and baculovirus was transmissed vertically from parent to progeny.

Catalase(CAT) and peroxidase(POD) were found to exist in the larvae of Dendrolimus punctatus Walker. The activity of CAT and POD in the fourth and sixth instar larvae were found to be higher than that in fifth instar larvae. After treatment with etofenprox to the larvae, the enzyme activity of D. punctatus showed correlation with tolerance to the pesticide. The activity of CAT and POD increased during exciting stage. Based on the results of toxicity test, it was clear that the pesticide tolerance of massonpine caterpillars increased with larval instars. The lethal dosage of etofenprox to larvae in the fifth and sixth instars increased by 43% and 72% respectively,as compared with that in the fourth instar. It will be rational to carry out chemical control before the larvae being in fourth instar.

Two near isogenic lines (NILS) of Plutella xylostella were cultivated by back crossing for 12 successive generations between its resistant and susceptible strains to dimehypo and cartap in the laboratory. DNA from NILS was compared using optimized randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) methods.Of the 80 primers tested, 6 primers produced 1 or more special bands in NILS of dimehypo resistance (DR), but none in the susceptible strain,and 7 primers produced 1 or more special bands in NILS of cartap resistance (CR). By repeated back crossing,the gene related to resistance was displaced to susceptible genome.Therefore, it is thought that these special bands throughout the genome in this study are likely to represent 1 or more loci that influence susceptibility to dimehypo and cartap in the diamondback moth.

Four species- and stage-specific monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) to whole homogenates of adults of the white-backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera, were developed using hybridoma technology. These McAbs did not crossreact with any other insect species tested with an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Moreover, of the four McAbs, the McAb, namely WPH-2B6, was highly specific to all the stages of white-backed planthopper while the other three reacted only with both the egg and adult female antigens. Immunodiffusion showed that the McAb WPH-2B6 was IgG_2b subclass while all the others belonged to IgG₁ subclasses using standard goat anti-mouse antibodies specific to each mouse antibody subclass (Sigma Chemical Co. Ltd., Pode. Dorset). SDS-PAGE and Western blot analyses indicated that the adult antigen was mainly composed of four polypeptides with molecular weights estimated at 182 kD, 116 kD, 66.2 kD and 40 kD, respectively, and McAb WPH-2B6 reacted with two polypeptides with molecular weights of 116 kD and 182 kD respectively while the other three were bound specifically to one with molecular weight of 116 kD. Finally, the potential application of these McAbs to study the predation of natural enemies on the white-backed planthopper is discussed.

The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)and radiochemical method were applied to determine the dynamics of juvenile hormone titer and JH esterase activity in the nymphal stages of brown planthopper.The results showed that the JH titers between brachypters and macropters were obviously different in the 4th instar nymphs of both male and female and in the early 5th instar nymph of male.Therefore, these nymphal instars could be considered to be the critical period for wing dimorphism determination,which had been verified with topical application of methoprene (ZR-515).

Samples of Anopheles sinensis from 10 collection sites in 9 provinces of China were analyzed for genetic polymorphism using RAPD-PCR. Twenty-three RAPD loci were studied and the results were as follows: ① The percentage of polymorphic loci was 68.2%～86.4%, and the expected mean heterozygosity was 0.249～0.348, which indicated extensive genetic polymorphism in the natural populations of An.sinensis. ② The Fst and θ were caculated using 3 measures. Mean values were 0.069～0.111 with corresponding migrating rate of 2.0～3.4. It indicated that the level of gene flow was low. ③The genetic identity among the natural populations was 0.8795～0.9973 with the mean genetic distance of 0.041±0.033. The data are within the range of intraspecific variation. Cluster analysis revealed that the genetic distance did not relate to the collection sites.

This is a report on the karyotypes of the five Loxoblemmus species in China. The chromosomal number of the five Loxoblemmus'diploid male varied between 11～17 with XO sex mechanism. Among these five species, L.aomoriensis, L.haani, L.doenitzi and L.detectus contained 5 pairs of autosomes and 1 X-chromosome while L.equestris contained 8 pairs of autosomes and 1 Xchromosome. According to the cluster analysis of the karyotype resemblancenear coefficients and evolutionary distance among the five crickets, the authors draw the conclusion that the evolutionary trend of the five crickets would be L.equestris→L.aomoriensis→L.haani→L.doenitzi→L.detectus.

The changes of ecdysteroid (20-E) in the whole body and cuticulogenesis during nymphal stage were studied by HPLC and RIA, and SEM respectively. 20-E existed in all the nymphal stages. Its level was low in nymphs unfed, feeding and during the first 4 days after engorgement (0.71～1.30ng/nymph). Then it began to increase sharply on the 6th day after engorgement when apolysis was initiated and exuvial space appeared. 20-E reached its peak (8.70 ng/nymph) during the deposition of the new epicuticle on the 8th day after engorgement. Thereafter, 20-E dropped to low value again. The procuticle deposition and old cuticle digestion occurred during this period. There results demonstrated that the highest concentration and sharp increase of 20-E were coincident with the deposition of new epicuticle and the formation of exuvial space (apolysis) separately. No relationship was observed between 20-E concentration and new procuticle synthesis.

Esterase A4（EA4）, a time interval measuring enzyme in the diapausing eggs of Bombyx mori, was isolated and purified from C108 silkworm diapausing eggs and acid-treated eggs 2 days after oviposition, respectively. The PIN is a kind of peptide inhibitory needle for EA4 enzyme activity. Its amino acid sequence is SIFMTKQHSQ DDIIQHPLDY VEQQIHQQKQ KLQKQTLN. The action of PIN on EA4 was studied in the paper. When the enzymic protein EA4 from diapausing eggs was incubated with the synthetic PIN for 24 h at 25℃, a complex of EA4 and PIN was detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. When the treated mixture above was incubated again in 2.5% HCl, the complex could not be found. There is no complex formed when the EA4 protein from acid-treated eggs was incubated with the synthetic PIN. At 25℃ in vitro, the activity peak of EA4 from diapausing eggs and acid-treated eggs for ATPase appeared at 6.5 h and 1.5 h, respectively. The results showed that the activation of diapausing eggs was due to eliminating the inhibition of PIN on EA4 and activating EA4 by HCl within a short time.

Susceptible toxicity baselines of Helicoverpa armigera to eleven conventional insecticides (cypermethrin, deltamethrin, cyhalothrin, fenvalerate, monocrotophos, phoxim, methyl parathion, chlorpyrifos, methomyl, thiodicarb and endosulfan) were established with leaf dipping method, and then LC₅₀ and discriminating dose were determined respectively. Resistance to cypermethrin, monocrotophos, methomyl and phoxim in H. armigera from four provinces (Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan and Anhui) was monitored by leaf dipping method and the baseline data were established. The results indicated that using discriminating dose to monitor resistant individual frequency was more rapid and simple than comparing resistance ratio at LC₅₀. Discriminating dose technique is suitable for early resistance detection and discriminating doses of the four insecticides mentioned above can be extended in resistance monitoring program of H. armigera in China.

The relationship between morphological change and oxygen consumption of infective anhydrobotic juveniles of Steinernema carpocapsae (BJ strain) was studied in the laboratory. The results showed the nematodes treated in SB high osmotic solution presented different morphologies. The morphological changes included three stages: coil, sheath-cuticle separation and curved lateral lines. Metabolism of the coil nematodes went down and their oxygen consumption decreased by 14%. Oxygen consumption of the nematodes in sheath-cuticle separation stage decreased by 65% when they began to enter anhydrobiotic state. All of them revived in water for 10 minutes. Oxygen consumption of the nematodes showing curved lateral lines decreased by 79%, indicating they entered into futher anhydrobiotic state.These nematodes revived entirely after 30 minutes in water.

Adult population of the psocid, Liposcelis bostrychophila, was reared with the artificial diet and exposed to the controlled atmosphere (CA) containing 35% CO₂, 1% O₂ and 64% N₂ at 28℃ for 30 successive generations in order to select a strain resistant to the controlled atmosphere (CA-R). Based on LT₅₀ values, the resistance factor (RF) had increased 5.6-folds at 30th generation and it seemed to have the potential of further development. Removal of selection pressure revealed that the resistance of CA-R was unstable and RF decreased by 63.2% after 5 successive generations. The effect of CA resistance on ecological fitness in the psocid was evaluated under CA-free condition. The results showed that the CA-R strain had no unfavorableness in development but obvious disadvantage in reproduction with a fitness value of only 0.39 relative to that of the strain sensitive to CA in terms of net reproductive rate (R₀).

The forewing forms of five species of migratory moths, Mythimna separata, Helicoverpa armigera, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Loxostege sticticalis and Agrotis ypsilon,and some species similar to them were analyzed numerically with their geometrical projections. Cluster analysis on their curvat ures showed that these migratory moths could be clustered to the same group and distinguished from their similar species, respectively. Discriminant analysis furt her demonstrated divergence of wing forms between migratory moths and non-migratory species. The forewing costal margin of migratory moths, especially the part from the middle of it to the wing-tip, is straighter than that of non-migratory species, and its outer area seems to be relatively wide. Such wing characteristics are more suitable for them to make a long-distance migration by airflow

This paper deals with the aphids of Geoica Hart from China. There are 5 species (subspecies) in China. Among them, two new species, G. parasetulosa Zhang et Qiao and G. necis Zhang et Qiao and one new subspecies, G. utricularia urumqiensis Qiao et Zhang are desc ribed in the paper. Detailed morphological descriptions, records of host-plants and geographical distribution, key to species from China and 24 morphological f igures are provided. All specimens including types are deposited in Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

One new species Epilachna paraglobiera sp. nov. and two new records of the genus Epilachna Chevrolat from Hainan Island, China are described. Type specimens are desposited in the Plant Protection Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan.

Two species of the genus Promalactis Meyrick are reported in this paper. P. bifasciaria sp.nov. is described as new to science and P. odaiensis Park is reported for the first time from China. The genitalia of the new species are figured.

A new genus Sinophaonia gen. nov. with a new species S. pectinitibia sp. nov. of Phaoniinae is described from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. The type specimen is deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Shenyang Normal College.

A new species, Tetrastichus septentrionalis sp. Nov., reared from pupae of fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, from Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong is described. The parasitoid distributes in all areas where the pest outbreaked in China and in Seoul, Korea. In general, its parasitic rate in pupae of the moth was 12%～24%, and 78～182 wasps were reared from one host pupa, the female and male ratio was 10∶1. The species has a bright prospect as a biocontrol agent.

The Chinese species of the pteromalid genus Cheiropachus are treated.Two new species, C.mai sp. nov. and C.vimineus sp.nov., are described and illustrated.The type specimens are deposited in the Zoological Museum, Institute of Zoology,the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Polydnaviruses (PDV) are symbiotic viruses of certain parasitic Hymenoptera, and have been found only in Ichneumonidae and Braconidae. These viruses are assigned to the family Polydnaviridae which consists of two groups, ichnovirus and bracovirus. Polydnavirus genome is made up of multiple superhelical closed circles of double-stranded DNA. Viral replication is restricted to the calyx epithelial cells of paras itoid ovary, and the PDV can be transmitted vertically in the form of an endogenous provirus during parasitization. These viruses can inhibit the host immunosystem, which allows the parasitiod to develop in host without encapsulation and melanization, and modifies the physiology, growth and development of their hosts. The influences of polydnavirus on host immunity and endocrinology have attracted much academic attention in the last decade. Detailed research progress on polyd naviruses and their functions as mutualists and pathogens is reviewed.

The methods for studying hydrocarbons and their applications to taxonomy are reviewed. Hydrocarbons are major and abundant components of insect epicuticle, the most external layer of insect cuticle. A highly sensitive method for their characterization is gas chromato graphy (GC) with capillary columns and various detectors, including mass spectrometry (MS) that gives structural information directly. According to the character ization of hydrocarbons, some insects can be discriminated from their sibling species and are studied among subspecies.