Electroantennograms (EAGs) were obtained for Mythimna separataWalker exposed to the compounds (Z)-1 1-hexadecenal (Z11-16: Ald), (Z)-9-hexadecenal (Z9-16 :Aid) and hexadecenal (16:Ald) as well as the female gland extracts. The EAG doseresponse curves were significantly different among the three compounds, it indicatedthat male moths had the highest peak response to Zl1-16 :Ald, and very low response to16:Aid. The male response profiles to the female gland extracts were increased by increasing the source concentration. And the maximum EAG response was consistent with the female calling period. A comparative study of the EAG responses between Mythimnaseparata and Helicoverpa assulta revealed that a minor sex pheromone component, zg16:Ald, probably existed in Mythirana separata female gland extracts.

Susceptible bioassay base line and discrimination doses for biopesticide Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) on susceptible strain (SUS1) of Helicoerpa arrnigera(Huibner) with the diet infection method were established. The susceptibilities to commercial Bt subspecies kurstaki formulation in newly hatched larvae of H. arrnigera collected from six counties of five provinces were tested in 1995. The results indicated that the five populations of H. armigera from Yanggu (Shandong), Handan (Hebei), Xinxiang (Henan), Xiaoxian (Anhui) and Fengxian (Jiangsu) showed early resistance to Bt.The proportion of resistant individuals in this insect at the 5 locations was 5%-10%;LC₅₀ values increased slightly but the slope (b) decreased significantly as compared with those of susceptible strain. However, Dongtai population (Jiangsu) was still susceptible. The biopesticide Bt resistance of H. armigera was diagnosed for the first time. The effects of trangsgenic cotton lines expressing Bt toxin on various populations of H.Armigera with foliage-feeding method were also determined. The results indicated the average mortality of newly hatched larvae of H. armigera (Yanggu and Xinxiang) with early resistance to Bt declined significantly (about 16%-29%) compared with those of susceptible strain. It's suggested that populations of H. armigera from Yanggu and Xinxiang were resistant to biopesticide Bt and transgenic cotton expressing Bt toxin.The resistant management strategy of biopesticide Bt is discussed.

The relationship between utilization of triglyceride and glycogen and sustained flight in the moths of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera was investigated in the laboratory. It was found that the triglyceride was the main stored energy substance for flight, its content in a newly emerged individual was 3.6365 mg/moth, while thecontent of glycogen was 0.3658 mg/moth. With feeding sugar in adults, they increased to 6. 5707 mg on the fourth day and 2.3500 mg on the fifth day, respectively. The content of protein in tethered flight moth changed negligibly, indicating irrelevant to flight activity, while there were negative correlations between the contents of triglyceride and glycogen and flight duration. The flight activities of the 4-day old moths were detected for 66 h by flight mill, the moths flew 37.9943 h and covered a distance of 216. 8650 kmwith an energy consumption of 218.72 J, in which the percentages of triglyceride and glycogen utilized were 85.87% and 14.13%, respectively.

A proteolytic activity was detected in the developing oocytes of Helicoverpa armigera. The optimum Ph was in the acidic region. The activity could be inhibited by E-64, pepstatin and iPr₂P-F. A highest hydrolysis rate was detected at Ph 4.0 when bovine hemoglobin was used as substrate. The antiserums to the cysteine proteinase and aspartic proteinase of Philosamia cynthia ricini could recognize the antigenes in the oocytes of H. armigera. The results suggested that there might be cysteine proteinase, serine proteinase and aspartic proteinase in the oocytes ofH. armigera, and these proteinases are similar to those in P. cynthia ricini.

Two kinds of lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins (LDLp, d= 1. 059)and high density lipoproteins (HDLp, d=1.123) were isolated from the larval hemolymph of Mythimna separata by ultracentrifugal analysis. LDLp was obtained as a single protein band on poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis, however, HDLp could besepartated into several protein bands by electrophoresis. Biochemical properties of HDLp and LDLp have been analyzed. Protein contents of HDLp and LDLp were 25.2 /μg/μL and 11/μg/μL respectively. Composition of amino acids of HDLp and LDLp were analyzed by amino acids.analyser. The amino acid composition was compared with thatin other insects. The major lipid component of lipoproteins from insects was found to be diglycerides (DO).

The genetic diversity of fifty-nine silkworm strains and mulberry wild silkworm, Bombyx mandarina (M.), was investigated at DNA level using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method. Silkworm strains were classified into six groups according to the voltinism, moltinism and the geographic areas initially obtained. Of 34 arbitrary 10-base primers that were tested, 12 (35.29%) were informative and yielded 103 bands, 86 (83.5%) of which were polymorphic bands with a mean of 7.2 bands per primer. RAPD data were used to generate simple matching coefficients of similarity (SM). The SM were then used to construct a dendrogram by unweighted pair-group method with arithmetical averages (UPGMA). The study indicated thatRAPD were race-specific and geographic group-specific markers in silkworm; Chinese univoltine tetramoltine varieties seems to be differentiated form Bombyx mandarina M.In the earliest year; Chinese univoltine varieties should be placed into two distinct groups, I. E. , trimoltine varieties and tetramohine varieties.

This paper deals with the relative abundance, parasitization and preference of egg parasitoids of rice planthoppers in both rice and surrounding non-rice habitats. 4 species of egg parasitoids, Anagrus flaveolus, A. optabilis, Oligosita aesopi and O. naiasare collected from rice and non-rice habitats, however, A. flaveolus is the dominant one. Egg parasitoids from various habitats have different characterisitics of parasitization and preference to host eggs. A. flaveolus could normally parasitize an alternate host within Delphaeidae family, but usually needs 1-2 generations for host adaptation.O. aesopi is greatly affected by host eggs belonging to the family Delphacidae or Cicadellidae. A. flaveolus trapped from rice fields significantly prefer rice planthopper Nilaparvata lugens and SogateUa furcifera to non-rice planthopper, Togosodes pusanus.However, A. flaveolus trapped from grassy area choose T. pusanus eggs rather than rice phanthoppers. The non-rice habitats play an important role in conserving egg parasitoids of rice planthoppers.

In this paper, the structure of the butterfly community and diversity in the fragmentary tropical rainforest of Xishuangbanna area were studied. The total number of butterflies collected was 9 204 which consist of 10 families, 62 genera and 84 species. The main components of the butterfly community in the fragmentary tropical rainforestwere families Pieridae (genera Catopsilia and Pieris etc. ), Papilionidae (genera Papilio, Byasa etc. ), Nymphalidae (genera Argyreus and Polyura etc. ) and Statyridae (genera Melanitis and Ypthima). The diversities of the butterfly community at various sampleplots of the fragmentary tropical rainforest were different. It was maximum at the primary tropical rainforest, but minimum at the fragmentary tropical rainforest of Man E. The diversity, species richness and evenness of the butterflies were: the primary tropical rainforest ＞the fragmentary tropical of Cheng Zi ＞the fragmentary tropical rainforest of Botanical Garden＞the fragmentary tropical rainforest of Man E.

The present article deals with the nest architecture, frequency distribution of head width and daily rhythm of out-and-in activities of the carpenter ant Camponotus tonkinus Santschi. It is found that this species constructs a very complicated ground nestconsisting of many passages and chambers. The queen chamber is usually located undermost in the nest. The head widths of workers range from 1.05 to 3.85 mm, and its frequency distribution is asymmetric monomodal with a peak at 1.4-2.0 mm (accounts for 72.7% of the total workers). In a sunny day, a typical daily cycle is bimodal, commence foraging in early morning, decline in midday and rise again in late aftemoon through dusk.

The developmental duration, survival rates and fecundity of tobacco budworm Helicoverpa assulta (Guen6e) were studied in the laboratory. The results showed that the survival rates of whole generation were 23.28, 37.04, 44. 22, 30.21, and 8.28%, and the trend indexes of population were 13.45, 65.68, 72. 57, 30.69, and 0,at the constant temperatures of 20,24, 28,32, and 36℃, respectively. The development threshold temperatures for eggs, first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth instar larvae, prepupae, and pupae were 12.03℃, 10.39℃, 8.97℃, 8.96℃, 10.87℃, 11.23℃, 9.16℃, 11.40℃, and 10.69℃, respectively. Their effective accumulated temperatures were 47.62, 56.46, 44.30, 40.57, 26.26, 33.94, 64.61, 34.50, and 202.45 day-degrees, respectively. Higher temperatures exposed daily for a short time,above 39℃ for 4 h/day, were unfavorable conditions for the living of this insect. At 28° and 32℃, humidity condition could influence the survival of the first stadium larvae, prepupae and pupae, but had no significant effect on the developmental duration.

The fecundity and longevity of the adult Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis, were studied at different combinations of constant and variable temperature and relative humidity (RH) ranging from 16℃C to 32℃ and 20% to 100% RH, respectively.Results indicated that constant temprature of 24℃ and RH 90% to 100% were optimum for egg production, fertilization and adult mating. When the temperature was lower orhigher than 24℃'C and humidity was lower than RH 70%, they would significantly reduce the number of eggs laid per female, egg fertilization and mating frequency. The life spans of the male and female moths were longer at lower temperature than at higher temperature, and shorter at lower relative humidity than at higher relative humidity but male moths could survive longer than females at the lower temperatures. Compared with the constant temperature, the variable temperature (28%-20℃ ) tested was more favorable for egg production than 16℃, 20℃, 28℃and 32℃, but as favorable as the constant temperature of 24℃. Results obtained are of very importance for population dynamics studies of the pest.

According to the fluctuation of population of CiteUus dauricus and its nest flea index in Wuningbatu Sumu, Zhengxiangbai Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region during 1981-1993, the authors have found that there are ten flea species with CiteUophilus tesquorum mongolicus (45.4%) as the most dominant member, Frontopsyllaluculenta (25.0O%) the second and Neopsylla abagaitui (21.3%) the third. N. bidentatiformis and Ophthalmopsylla praefecta are only of common occurrence whereas otherspecies are rather scarce. The correlation between the host population and its burrow nest flea index is not significant (P>0.10). But the correlation between the host population and the flea infection rate of its burrow nest is significant (P<0.05). The diversity and evenness of flea species seem stable in different years. Furthermore, the correlation between the body flea index and burrow nest flea index is significant (P<0.02), I.E. , burrow flea index=4. 08494-8. 7483 body flea index. The mean value of the burrowflea index is 9.74 times as high as that of the body flea index, and the difference between them is significant (P<0.005).

This paper describes a new species of chinese Lamiinae. The type specimen is deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica.

The genus Aroga Busck comprises about 30 species, of which 9 species are distributed in Palaearctic, and the rest are distributed in Nearctic. In this paper, two species are described as new to science. The type specimens are deposited in the Northwestern College of Forestry.

This paper deals with a new species of the genus Anteon Jurine from China.Type specimen is preserved in Zhejiang Agricultural University.

Two species of Metopiinae, one is new to science and one is a new record in China, are reported in this paper. The specimens are deposited in the General Station of Forest Pest Management, Ministry of Forestry.

The male imago of Compterosmittia virga sp. Nov. is herein described and illustrated from a subtropical mountain area in Southern China. The genus is recorded for the first time from China as well as Oriental Realm.

The present paper gives descriptions of 2 new species of the genus Phaoniafrom China. Type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, ShenyangNormal College, Shenyang.

he present paper deals with a new species ofLeucophora of Anthomyiidea. The type specimen is kept in the Hygienic and Antiepidemic Station of ChaoyangCity.