Three new species of the genus Carausius Stal, C. undatus sp. nov., C. femoralis sp.nov. and C. lijiangensis sp.nov. are des cribed from southwestern China. The type specimens are deposited in Institut e of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Forestry University. The measurements in descriptions are in mm.

Two new species of the genus Baculum Saussure, B. coomani sp.nov. and B.tonkinense sp. nov., are described from Viet Nam. The type specimens are kept in Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Scien ces. All measurements are in mm.

Two new species of Criotettix Bolivar from Guangxi, C. interrupta sp. Nov . And C. brevipennis sp. Nov, are describ ed. Type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Shaanxi Normal University.

Three new speices of Tetrigoidea from the Daqingshan region of Guangxi are described:Xistra nigritibialis sp. Nov., Coptotettix transimaculatus sp. Nov. And Tetrix serrifemoroides sp. Nov. Type specimens are deposited in the institute of Zoology, Shaanxi Normal University.

This paper deals with two new species of the genus Crio tettix of Scelimenidae from Hainan Province, China: C. hainanensis sp.nov.a nd C. longipennis sp.nov. Type specimens are deposited in the Research Instit ute of Entomology, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou, China.

This paper reports two new species of grasshoppers of Catantopidae from Hunan, China：Caryanda xuefeng~shanensis sp.nov., collected from Huangsang Nature Reserve in Suining County and Sinopodisma daweishana sp.nov., collected from Daweishan Nature Reserve in Liuyang County of Hunan Province.Type specimens of new species are deposited in Institute of Zoology, Shaanxi Normal University, except some paratypes of C.xuefengshanensis sp.nov. are deposited in the Department of iology, Hunan Educational College.

A new species of Chorthippus Fieber from Jilin Province, C.jilinensis sp. Nov., is described. The type specimens are deposited in Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University.

Chrysacris jiamusi sp.nov. of the family Acrididae from China (Heilongjiang Province) is described. The type specimens are deposited in Department of Biology， Northeast Normal University. This new species resembles Ch. qinlingensis Zheng and Ch. liaoningensis Zheng, but can distinguished by the following characters:1)the vertical diameter of eyes in male 1.27～1.33 times the length of subocular suture;2) the greatest width of costa area in male 2.25 times the median area; 3)the greatest width of costa area in female 1.8 ～2.0 times the median area; 4)the length of the space between the lateral lobes of mesosternum about 1.67～1.75 times the narrowest width in male. Length of body ♂ 15.6～18.5 mm，♀ 23.2～24.2 mm；length of pronotum♂ 3.5～3.9 mm，♀ 4.3～4.8 mm；length of elytra ♂ 16.5～17.0 mm，♀ 18.1～19.5 mm；length of hind femur ♂ 9.9～11.3 mm，♀ 12.3～13.3 mm. Holotype ♂, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province, 1957-Ⅶ-15. Paraty pes: 3 ♀♀, the same as holotype; 1 ♂,1♀, Acheng, Heilongji ang Province, 1957-Ⅶ-24; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Shenshu, Heilongjiang Province, 1957-Ⅶ-30, collected by DU Jun-Ling.

Two new species of the genus Elimaea Stal (Phaneropteridae) are described: E. longifissa sp. nov. and E. brevilamina sp. Nov. The type specimens are deposited in the Department of Biology, Shandong University.

This paper reports the results of observations on the female stridulatory spines of Ducetia attenuata Xia et Liu, D.japonica (Thu nberg), D.strelkovi Gorochov et Storozhenko, Kuwayamaea chinensis (Brunner), K. longipennis Shi et Zheng and K.sapporensis Mats.et Shir. The six species differ obvious ly in the number and morphology of their stridulatory spines.

This paper deals with one new subgenus and one new species of the genus Siphonatrophia Swain from Tianchi, Xinjiang, China: Siphonatrophia subgen. Lacusaphis Zhang G., subgen. Nov. and Siphonatrophia (Lascu saphis) aetherelaca Zhang et Zhang, sp. Nov. All the type specimens are deposi ted in the Zoological Museum, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

A new species of Elachodelphax Vilbaste is described and illustrated: E. xinjiangensis sp.nov., collected from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China.The type specimen is deposited in the Institute of Entomology,Guizhou University.

Two new leafhoppers of the genus Taharana Nielson (Coel idiinae： Coelidiini) are described and illustrated:T. digitata sp.nov.and T. cuspidata.sp.nov. Type specimens are deposited in Department of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University.

Two new species of genus Atkinsoniella, A. mediofasciola sp. nov.and A. furcula sp. nov. collected from Sichuan Province,China,are described. The type specimens are deposited in Institute of Entomology,Guizhou University.

This paper deals with four new species of the Cicadellidae from China：Evacanthus bimaculatus sp. Nov., E. nigristreakus sp.nov.，E. rubr olineatus sp. nov. and Gessius nigridorsus sp. nov. The type specimens are deposited in Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University.

The original description of Othius goui Zheng, 1995, was based on 3 female specimens from Sichuan (Wolong), China. The male specimen of this species is described for the first time with the male genital organ ill ustrated. Specimen examined: 1♂, Sichuan (Wolong), 2 400 m, July 10 , 1983, collected by GOU Zheng-Yue.

Moechohecyra Breuning and Parachydaeopsis Breuning are newly recorded from China with the discovery of two new speices, Moechohe cyra arctifera sp. nov. and Parachydaeopsis shaanxiensis sp. nov. The types are deposited in the insect Collections of Southwest Agricultural University.

This paper deals with two new species of the family Brahm aeidae: Brahmidia polymehntas sp. nov. and Brahmophthalma litserra sp. nov. All the types are deposited in the Insect Collections, Department of Plant Prot ection, PLA University of Agricultural and Animal Sciences.

The present paper deals with one new species of Hepialus collected from Xizang, China, H. biruensis Fu, sp. nov. Types are deposited in Chongqing Institute of Chinese Materia Medica. Part of paratypes are kept in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

The genus Goniodoma Zeller hitherto consists of four species occuring in the southern Europe, northern Africa and western Asia.The present paper reports this genus for the first time from eastern Asia,with one species described as new to science from China: G. sinica Li et Zheng,sp.nov. The type specimen is deposited in the Department of Biology, Nankai University.

The genus Locheutis Meyrick was reported for the first time from China, with one species described as new to science: L. tianmushana sp. nov. The male genital structure of the new species is figured. The type specimens are deposited in the Department of Biology, Nankai University.

Two new species of the genus Irepacma Moriuti, Saito et Lewvanich are described as new to science:I. Aedeagifera sp. nov. from Sichuan Province and I. hainanensis sp. nov. from Hainan Province.The genital structures of the new species are illustrated.

This paper deals with three new species of the genus Leia from Longwangshan Nature Reserve in Zhejiang Province, eastern China: L. aculeolusa Wu,sp.nov., L.ampulliforma Wu,sp.nov. and L. longwangshana Wu, sp. nov.The types of the new species are deposited in the Insect Collections of China Agricultural University.

A new species, Simulium(Simulium) prominentum sp. Nov. is described based on the pupal and larval specimens collected from Leigong Mountain Nature Reserve, China. This new species seems to be related to S(S.) sigiti (Takaoka and Hadi, 1991) from Indonesia, S(S.) nigrifacies Datta (1974) from India and S (S.) puliense Takaoka (1979) from Taiwan,China. However, The new species is very distinctive among them in some features of larval and pupal stages.

This paper describes a new species of Coenosia from China, C. fengi sp. Nov. The new species belongs to the C. albicornisgroup by sharing the following characters:antennae short, male epiphallus weak, cerci and surstyli slender and longer. Type specimen is deposited in Shenyang Normal College.

A new species, Coenosia ungulipardus sp. nov., is described and illustrated from Sichuan Province, China. A new group C. ungulipardusgroup is proposed, the main characters of which are as follows:frontal triangle of male extending to middle of frons; without outer vertical bristle; antenna normal; lower squama short and small, dc 1+3; legs black, t₃ with 2 ad; cerci and surstyli slender, epiphallus evident. The type specimen is deposited in Shenyang Normal College.

Three new species of the genus Helina from Yunnan Province, China are descri bed: H. dehiscideleta sp.nov., H. dianxiia sp.nov. and H. flavigena sp. nov. All type materials are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Shenyang Normal College.

The present paper deals with one new species of Phaonia R.-D., P. fimbrip eda. sp. nov. collected from Yunnan Province.It belongs to Phaonia nymphaearum-group. The type specimen is deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Shenyang Normal College, Liaoning Province.

The present paper deals with one new species of the newly proposed laticrassagroup of the genus Phaonia Robineau-Desvoidy from Northeast China, P. Orientalis sp. nov. Type specimen is deposited in Shenyang Normal College.

This paper describes a new species and a new record of the genus Phaonia R.D. from China. P. lamellicauda sp. nov. is subordinate to the P.oxystomagroup. The main characters of the group are as follows: vibrissal angle before the level of profrons; acr strong, post dc 3, scutellum without any yell ow coloration, notopleura, prosternum and beret bare; f₂, f₃ and tibiae yellow, t_{2 ^{without pv bristle, t}3} without apical pv bristle . The type specimen is deposited in Shenyang Normal College.

This paper deals with the species of genus Lasiochalcidia Masi from China. Two new species are described and illustrated： L. gracilantenna sp.nov.and L. rufipolita sp.nov. L. pilosella (Cameron) is newly recor ded from China. The type specimens are deposited in Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

A new species of genus Kristotomus, K. sheni Sheng, sp. Nov., collected from Longyuwan, Luanchuan County, Henan Province, is describted. A list of 22 species known in China is given. The type specimens are deposited in the General Stati on of Forest Pest Management, the State Forestry Administrati on, P. R. China.

Two new species, Cosmoconus xixiaensis Sheng, sp. nov. and C. maculiventris Sheng, sp. nov., are described. Type specimens are deposited in General Station of Forest Pest Management, the State Forestry Administration.

This paper deals with two new species of the genus Microplitis Foerster (Hym enoptera: Braconidae, Microgastrinae) collected from Liaoning, Ningxia, Xinjiang , Zhejiang and Guizhou Provinces in China: M. amplitergius sp. Nov. and M. incurvata sp. Nov. All the specimens are deposited in the Insect Collections of Zhejiang University.

This paper deals with tow new species of the genus Microgaster Latreille from China: M. flaviventris sp. nov. and M. yichunensis sp. nov. All the type specimens are deposited in Zhejiang University.

Two new species of the nominate subgenus of the genus Crossocerus Lepeletier et Brulle, 1834 of the subfamily Crabroninae from China are described : C. (C.) neimongolensis sp. Nov. from Inner Mongolia and C. (C.) exdentatus sp. Nov. from Heilongjiang.

A new species of Liometopum Mayr, L. dentimandibulum sp. Nov. from Gansu, China was described. The new species was similar to L. sinense Wheeler, but in this new species, base margin of both mandibles with 4.5 dent-like teeth, yellow colored strip on posterior margin of each gastral segment lacked, and body much longer.

The genus Bethylus Latreille, 1802, is recorded from China for the first time. A new species of this genus, Bethylus sinensis Xu, He et Terayama, sp. Nov., is described from Liaoning Province. This species resembles Bethylus fuscicornis (Jurine, 1807) but distinguished from the latter by the narrower head, the absence of unsculptured longitudinal belt of the propodeal disc, and 4-toothed mandibles.

This paper deals with two new species of Eriophyidae, Eriophyinae, Aceriini Amrine et Stasny,1994: Aceria lespedezae sp.nov. and Acaralox bambusae sp.nov.The length unit is in micron. All type specimens are deposited in the Department of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University.

Haemogamasus postsinuatus sp. Nov. is a new species similar to Haemogamasus hodosi Buiakova et Goncharova, 1961 and Haemogamasus calandrellus Piao, 1980, but differs from the latter two species in the following characters: (1) the posterior apical of dorsal plate narrow and pointed; (2) the middle sinus of anterior margin of the sternal plate deeper than that of H. hodosi and H. calandrellus; (3) the genito-ventral plate narrower and longer, and its posterior apex with a big round sinus and there are 35 accessory setaes on the genito-ventral plate except V1₁; (4) the pilus dentilis expanding in the basal part and with crankle end; (5) the posterior lateral of middle portion of leg Ⅱ tarsus with 3 almost equal thick long setae, while a long seta near basal of H. hodosi distinctly slender; (6) the idiosoma of new species larger, 1 259×719 μm in the length and width, while the idiosoma of H. calandrellus small, 830×540 μm in the length and width. Holotype female, collected off insectivora from Shennongjia forest region (31°15′～31°57′N, 109°56′～110°58′E, about 1 800 m), Northwest of Hubei Province in Apr. 1994. Holotype is deposited in the institute of Parasitic Diseases, Hubei Academy of Medical Sciences. The original description of the female of Eulaelaps petauristae Liu et Ma, 1998 in peritreme is amended as: the anterior apex of peritreme of the Eulaelaps petauristae only reaching the posterior part of CoxaⅠor subanterior margin of Coxa Ⅱ.

Paradoxopsyllus calceiforma was described by zhang et Liu, 1985, based on only one male. The female of P. calceiforma is described for the first time here. The female of P. calceiforma is similar to P. phaeopis (Jordan et Rot hschild, 1911), but differs from the latter species in the second long apical bristles of segment Ⅱ of hind tarsus not exceeding the tip of segment Ⅲ; the abdomen, lateral bristles of st. Ⅲ～Ⅶ less distinctly (main row arranged as 6，5～6, 4～6, 4～5, 5～6 and accessory row in frout of main row 1～4, 1～2, 1～2, 0～2, 0); the frontal row composed of 2 bristles. Specimens 3♂♂, 2♀♀, collected off Rattus edwardsi from Shennongjia forest region (31°15′N,109°56′E, about 1 000 m), Northwest of Hubei Province in Nov. 13, 1997.

Numerical taxonomy studies for intraspecies differentiation of cotton aphids were carried out with the measurement of fourteen morphological characters of the cotton aphids on four summer host plants, during two growth stages of cotton and under three temperatures in laboratory respectively.The results of cluster and Gower distance analyses showed that among four summer hosts,there were no differences either between seedling aphids with the green and yellow color or dwarf aphids with the five segment and six segment antenna. But the population differentiation were significant between the aphids on cotton seedling and on potato and between the aphids on cotton seedling and the dwarf aphids (summer aphids). The laboratory populations under 30℃ or the yellow color seedling aphids tended to be analogous with dwarf aphids. Seven main morphological characters were analyzed for differentiating such intraspecies populations.

The biology of Neochrysocharis okazakii Kamijo, one of the most import ant parasites of the vegetable leafminer, Liriomyza sativae Blanchard in Fuzhou, was studied. The results showed: (1) honey supply could significantly prolong survival time of the adult parasites; (2) developmental rates of each stage of N. okazakii were linearly correlated to temperature between 20℃ to 33℃. The threshold temperature and the effective accumulated temperature for the whole generation was estimated to be 81℃ and 188.7 day-degrees respectiely. The life-span of the parasite shortened as temperature went up, and its intrinsic rate of natural increase (r_m) became greater with increasing of emperature.

This paper established a statespace simulation model of the monthly fluctuation patterns between the Nosopsyllus laeviceps kuzenkovi and Meriones unguiculatus. It consisted of the following formulas: x_t+1=-0.336x_t+0.057y_t+0.107z_t, y_t+1=0.586x_t-0.369y_t-0.274z_t, z=0.189x_t+0.247y_t-0.309z_t, where x_t is the population density of M. unguiculatus, y_t and z_t are respectively related to the burrow nest and the body flea index of N. l. kuzenkovi at t month. The simulation results exhibited satisfactory agreement with field data. The population density of M. unguiculatus was the main factor affecting the burrow nest flea index of N. l. kuzenkovi.

The commercial use of transgenic cotton expressing an insecticidal protein gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) began in 1998 in northern China. Resistance management is a major concern for the sustainable use of Bt cotton. With our understanding of the cropping and ecological system in northern China, we developed a simulation model to forecast adaptation of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), to Bt cotton. The model incorporated population genetics, biological and operational factors in a multiple cropping system. Variables of reproductive fitness on different host plants, dominance of resistance alleles, expression level of Bt toxin in cotton and use of insecticides in Bt cotton fields were included in the model. In the typical cropping system of northern China, the expected life of Bt cotton are seven years if all cotton is Bt cotton, and ten years if only spring planted cotton (about 70% total cotton area) is Bt cotton in northern China besed on the model. The life expectancy decreases quickly with increases in initial frequency of resistance allele, dominance of the resistance gene, and the percent area of Bt cotton planted. The results also showed that supplemental control is essential on Bt cotton when the expression of Bt toxin declines. Because of the lack of a consistent high dose and the complexity of managing individual fields of Bt cotton by many different growers in the same region, the use of the high-dose/refuge strategy in northern China will be difficult to achieve.

The mesenteronal infection barrier to dengue 2 virus was examined in Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus. Following large dose oral infection, the viral replication was monitored with electron microscopy, and the viral nucleic acid was detected through RT-PCR at intervals in Cx. Pipiens quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus. The results showed that the virus was replicated rapidly in Ae. Albopictus after infecting mesenteronal epithelial cells. However, dengue 2 virus could not be detected in the same cells and other tissues of Cx. Pipiens quinquefasciatus, which indicated that the virus was unable to infect and reproduce in it and suggested that the mesenteronal barrier to dengue 2 virus infection exist in this species of mosquito.

A xylanase was purified from the homogenate of alimentary canal of Anoplophora chinensis (Froster) by acetone precipitation, Q-Sepharose ion-exchange chromatography and preparative PAGE. The xylanase had a molecular mass approximate 25 kD and pI 4.0. For the action of the enzyme isolated, the most optimal temperature and pH were 50℃ and 5.4 respectively. About 60% of the enzyme activity remained after incubating it at 50℃ for 2 hours. The enzyme could be inhabited by Hg²⁺,MnO^-4,SDS, Cu²⁺, Mn²⁺, Ag⁺, Zn²⁺, Pb⁺ and Urea. It could hydrolyse carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). The enzyme had a K_m of 2.47 mg/mL and a V_max of 0.6 IU/mL for birchwood xylan at 50℃ and pH 4.4

Changes in the content of vitellogenin in Locusta migratoria manilensis infected with Nosema locustae were determined by immunology method. The results indicated that vitellogenin did not accomplish in the locust infected, and the contents of vitellogenin in fat body, haemolymph and ovary were very low compared with the control. The maximum content of vitellogenin in fat body in the treatment was 4.663 mg/mL, while the value was 18.655 mg/mL in the control. The maximum content of vitellogenin in haemolymph in the treatment was 2.627 mg/mL, while the value was 7.603 mg/mL in the control. The maximum content of vitellogenin in ovary in the treatment was 4.927 mg/mL while the value was 73.367 mg/mL in the control.

Understanding the integument structure of edaphic insects helps discover the unstickness mechanism of these insects and offer clues for bionics. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the structure of pits and setae of the integument of the head, body and legs of the dung beetle, Copris ochus Motschulsky. Four kinds of simple pits were found, that varied from one part of the body to another in their dimensions, types of rims and the length of a centrally located, socketed seta. In addition, there were pits that had a mound in the center containing a central socketed seta, and pits that lacked a central seta, but had a small one at the top of a semicircular rim. Simple pits, of one kind or another, occurred widely over the body, except for the abdomen; pits with mounds were present on the prothorax, and those with semicircular rims only on the tibia. There also were openings of ducts in the nodes of elytral grooves that often contained accumulations of some substance. There was a variety of sizes and types of setae other than those associated with pits, especially on the head and legs. The distribution and form of pits and setae forms unsmooth surface which minimize adherence of particles to body surface, but secretions and cuticular chemicals also may contribute to the non-adherent properties of these insects.

A microsporidium (Mic-Ⅰ)was isolated from Mimastra cyanura Hope caught from mulberry fields and vegetable plots in the suburban in Guangzhou. The spores were (3.35±0.46)×(1.96±0.17) μm in size, oval in shape. It had two types of nucleus, mono- and bi-nucleus, and 10～11 polar filament coils. The serum type of Mic-Ⅰwas different from that of Nosema bombycis. It developed with two types of life cycles in larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, had the developmental characteristics of the genus Vairimorpha and should be classified to Vairimorpha. It had very strong infectivity to Bombyx mori, and also had infectivity to Prodenia litura and Plutella xylostella.

The malate dehydrogenase (MDH) isozyme in six subspecies of Apis mellifera, i.e., “Zhejiang Agricultural University” No-1 A. m. ligustica (Ea), A. m. ssp. (Db), A. m. carnica (Cn), A. m. carpatica (Cp), A. m. caucasica (Cc), and A. m. acervorum (Ac), was studied with isoelectrofocusing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (IEFPAGE), and their genotype frequency, allele frequency, homozygous and heterozygous degree were analyzed. Ea, Cp and Cc showed high homozygous degree, but the allele with the highest frequency was c in Ea; b in Cp; and a in Cc. Db, Cn and Ac are highly heterozygous subspecies, but the frequency differences of the allele a, b and c in Db were less than the others; and the frequencies of the allele a, c were higher, while the allele b was rare in Cn and Ac. There were highly significant differences in the genotype frequency, the allele frequency and the heterozygous and homozygous degree among six subspecies. These differences provided some genetic clues for the discrimination of six subspecies.

The random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) analysis of the mulberry wild silkworm, Bombyx mandarina, from 11 representative regions in China was made. The results showed that the genetic distance of the mulberry wild silkworm in different regions was quite high, from 0.465(Ankang-Zhenjiang) to 0.209(Wuhan-Hefei); the genetic distance between individuals of the mulberry wild silkworm from the same region was also high, from 0.144 to 0.318; both were higher than the genetic distance between individuals of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, and even higher than the genetic distance between varieties of the silkworm. These results suggested that the mulberry wild silkworm from China be a very complex population with abundant genetic diversity. Furthermore the genetic distance of the mulberry wild silkworm was positively related to the distance of space in most cases. The positions of the mulberry wild silkworm from Shaanxi were very peculiar in the molecular dendrogram,suggesting the importance of this region in the evolution and diversification of this specics.

The release of ³H-labeled norepinephrin was used to assess the effect of selected neurotoxins on synaptosomes from brains of the susceptible (SP),deltamethrinresistant(Del-R) and permethrin-resistant(2Cl-R) houseflies. A reproducible release of ³H-neurotransmitter was evoked by pulsed-depolarization in the presence of elevated K⁺(55 mol/L). The enhanced ³H-norepinephrin release from housefly synaptosomes of Del-R and 2Cl-R reduced by 47.0% and 51.0% respectively in comparison with that from the susceptible strain. The synaptosomes pretreated with 10^-5 mol/L deltamethrin in SP, Del-R and 2Cl-R strains resulted in 80.3%, 26.5% and 70.5% enhancement of ³H-neurotransmitter release during pulseddepolarization, respectively. These results were consistent with the hypothesis that knocked down resistance is most likely due to a decreased affinity of the voltagegated sodium channel for deltamethrin. However, the resistance against permethrin showed little effect on synaptosomal efflux of ³H-norepinephrin^.

The distribution in body and subcellular distributions and purification of cetylcholinesterase (AChE) in insecticide-resistant population of Chilo suppressalis were investigated. AChE was purified from the larvae of the same population by gel filtration and 2 species of affinity chromatography on 3-carboxyphenyl ethyldimethyl ammonium (CEA) and procainamide. The results showed that specific activity of AChE in adults was higher than that in larvae. AChE in larvae was distributed mostly in the head and the thorax; while in adults, AChE activity in thorax was lower than those in the head and the abdomen significantly. The major portion of the total AChE was member-bound (86%) and associated primarily with microsome (46%). Affinity chromatography on CEA was optimum for purification of AChE among 3 species purified methods. The extent of purification reached about 536.05-folds with recoveries of 30.46%.

The toxicity of avermectins, 1% of 9512-1 EC and 1.8% of Chongmanke, against Orius similis were determined by laboratory bioassay. The effects of avermectins on the functional and numerical responds of O. similis were also studied. The results showed that avermectins were toxic to adults and nymphae of O. similis，while the sensitivity of eggs was much lower than adults and nymphae. Although the main component of 9512-1 and Jiqi Chongmanke was same, their effects on O. similis were different: for 9512-1 the LC_５０ against eggs, nymphae and adults were 11.2743±3.8613, 2.6584±1.2139, and 2.4508±1.3266 mg·L^１, respectively； for Chongmanke， 10.8699±3.7653, 6.4422±2.8596, 6.4738±3.0124 mg·L^１ respectively. The toxicity of 9512-1 on O. similis was higher than Chongmanke. Avermectin decreased the consumption and hunting capacity of O. similis on green peach aphids, and it also decreased individual competition ability of O. similis. Furthermore, it postponed the development of the nymphae, whereas it slightly affected the relationship between the growth velocity and the consumption as well as the oviposition.

The present paper reports the genus Conarete Pritchard for the first time from China with four species, of which two species are described as new to science: C. brevipalpa Li et Bu, sp. Nov. and C. sicyoidea Li et Bu, sp.nov.; the other two species are C. indorensis Grover,1970 and C. mihijamensis Grover,1963. Key to the known Chinese species of the genus is given. Type specimens are deposited in the Department of Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.

One new genus and two new species of Delphacidae are described and illustrated: Sulculus Ding et Chen, gen. Nov., S. sulcauus Ding, sp. Nov. and S. liboensis Chen, sp. Nov. The type specimens are deposited separately in the Department of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University (NJAU) and Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University (GZU), China.

Two new species of the genus Meleonoma Meyrick from China, M. facialis sp. Nov. and M. malacognatha sp. Nov., are described, with their genital structures in both sexes illustrated. A key to the Chinese species of the genus is given.

During the last decade abundant Mesozoic fossil insects have been collected from China. More than 100 papers and monographs, most of them focused on taxonomy, have been published. In this paper the history, current status and some problems on the taxonomic researches of Mesozoic fossil insects are reviewed briefly. The important results achieved by the Chinese palaeoentomologists on biodiversity, internal morphology, phylogeny of Raphidioptera, biogeography, biostratigraphy, ecostratigraphy, co-evolution between pollinating insects and angiosperms are introduced. The table of the oldest insect families in the world found from China is given. The alimentary canal of fossil stick insects from Liaoning Late Jurassic rocks are the first authenticated records of internal anatomy in Palaeoentomological history. It was in 1994 that the cladistic method was first used to study familial phylogeny of fossil and living snake flies in China. The first non-marine ecostratigraphic research was made in dividing Late Mesozoic strata of Fengning, Hebei Province, and revealed a general pattern of basin evolution which appears in many other sections of Northeast China. The fossil anthophilous brachycera found from the Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning demonstrated that the flowers were in existence in Late Jurassic and represented by at least two different types of flowers. The East Asia, especially Northeast China, is one of the origin places of angiosperms.

Wolbachia is a common and widespread group of symbiotic bacteria found in reproductive tissues of arthropods. These bacteria are transmitted through the cytoplasm of eggs and have evolved various mechanisms for manipulating reproduction of their hosts, including induction of reproductive incompatibility, parthenogenesis, feminization, male killing, fecundity or fertility modifying. Wolbachia is thought to be major factors in the evolution of sex determination, eusociality, and speciation. It is a new clue for those research fields. Wolbachia is also of interest as vectors for the modification of their host populations, in the improvement of parasitoid wasps in biological pest control, and as a new method for interfering with diseases caused by filarial nematodes. In this paper, Wolbachia biology is reviewed, including morphological description and distribution, genome sequences, phylogeny and naming of Wolbachia species, horizontal transfer and phenotypic effects on their host. The science value of Wolbachia and potential directions for future research are also discussed.

When insect pests were fed with different host plants, the susceptibility to insecticides would decrease, increase or be unchanged. These changes were related to the activation or inhibition of insect detoxifying enzymes induced by plant allelochemicals, while the induction levels were influenced by some factors such as plant nutrients, structures and distributions of allelochemicals, species and development stages of insects as well as the temperature. The metabolic abilities of induced detoxifying enzymes for the insecticides varied with the types of insecticides, resulting in the variations of insect susceptibility to different insecticides. It was recognized that the induced activation of insect detoxifying enzymes would enhance the frequency of the recessive resistance gene, and would promote the development of insecticide resistance at the early stages. Finally, the effects of host plant on insecticide susceptibility applied in pest management were discussed.

The forensic important fly Aldrichina grahami (Aldrich) was reared at different temperatures to examine its morphological change during growth. The results showed that structural traits of posterior spiracles, skin and digestive dust regularly changed with larval growth and could be used as larval age markers. According to these, the whole larval life span of A. grahami could be divided into 8 stages: 1st instar, late 2nd instar, pharate 3rd instar, opened peritreme stage, thick closed peritreme stage，thin closed peritreme stage, thick closed peritreme stage, prepupa stage. The duration of these stages depended on the temperature tested.

A comparative study was conducted on the efficiency of the cone trap (80 cm×50 cm) and the water tray trap (28～30 cm×10 cm) baited with synthetic sex pheromone for capturing male moths of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), at 4 locations in Shandong and Anhui provinces in 1995. The results showed that the male captures per trap per night at cone traps were 2.8, 3.5, 2.5 and 2.0 times(2.7 times in average) as many as that at water tray traps at 4 observed locations, respectively; the coefficients of variance (CV) between the two traps were 22.9%, 31.5%, 50.7 and 51.2%, .respectively. It is obvious that the cone trap was more effective and reliable than the water tray trap. Based on its higher efficiency, stability and feasibility, the authors recommend utilizing an improved cone trap to replace the water tray trap in the nationwide monitoring program in China as soon as possible.

Flight capacity and triglyceride utilization of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua adults during flight at temperatures from 16℃ to 32℃ were investigated. The moths flying at 24℃ exhibited the greatest flight distance and longest flight duration although they could fly normally at all temperatures tested. Adult flight capacity significantly declined at temperatures below 20℃ or above 28℃.These results suggested that the temperature most suitable for their flight be about 24℃. Utilization of energy substrate by the moths during flight was greatly affected by ambient temperature. Variations in flight capacity of adults at different temperatures were primarily caused by differences in triglyceride utilization efficiency by the moth, i.e., the triglyceride utilized for a given flight distance at suitable temperature was much less than at the unsuitable temperature, which might be one of the major reasons for difference in flight capacity of the moth at different flying temperature.

A new insect cell line, NEAU-Xc-960716H, was established from Xestia c-nigrum larval hemocytes through successive passage over 70 generations since July 1996. The cells were classified into two types: spherical and spindle. The population doubling time of the cell line was about 63 hours. The chromosomes were condensed short rods and round, typical in lepidopteran cell lines. The isozyme pedigree of esterase was different from the embryonic cell lines NEAU-Xc-730E of Xestia c-nigrum and IPLB-SF-21. The cell line was susceptible to Xestia c-nigrum nuclear polyhedrosis virus (XcNPV), although at a low level.